The Mapping Project

1. The Mapping Project Scholarship and Caretaking? Possibilities for Faculty with Family Responsibilities in Engineering and the Sciences University of Illinois-Chicago 10/30/2003 Robert Drago Penn State University drago@psu.edu lsir.la.psu.edu/workfam/mappingproject.htm

2. The Mapping Project • Once upon a time: 2nd Wave Feminists & the Academy • Conflict tenure/biol. Clock • Minimize family • Deal with it • Family-responsive workplace • Working Mother Top 100 • Combine work/family commitments • Women’s issue? • Sloan paid leave initiative

3. The Mapping Project • Bias against caregiving • Joan Williams & New glass ceiling • Bias avoidance • Narrow form • Broad form • Gender – first women & now kids? • Maybe not…

4. Heads and Necks of Science PhD Recipients* N=2848 N=3057 N=13058 *PhDs from 1978-1984 Who Are Working in Academia 12 to 14 Years Out from PhD Source: Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Sciences, 1979-1999. Mary Ann Mason & Marc Goulden.

5. Leaks in the Academic Pipeline for Women* Assistant Professor (Tenure Track) Associate Professor (Tenured) Full Professor (Tenured) Graduate School Entry PhD Receipt Women PhDs Water Level Women PhDs Water Level Women PhDs Water Level Leak!! Leak!! Leak!! Leak!! Women, Married (20% less likely than single women to enter a tenure-track position) Women (23% less likely than men to become an Associate Professor) Women (25% less likely than men to become a Full Professor within a maximum of 16 years) Women with Babies (29% less likely than women without babies to enter a tenure-track position) *Preliminary results based on Survival Analysis of the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (a national biennial longitudinal data set funded by the National Science Foundation and others, 1979 to 1995). Percentages take into account disciplinary, age, ethnicity, PhD calendar year, time-to-PhD degree, and National Research Council academic reputation rankings of PhD program effects. For each event (PhD to TT job procurement, or Associate to Full Professor), data is limited to a maximum of 16 years. The waterline is an artistic rendering of the statistical effects of family and gender. Mary Ann Mason & Marc Goulden.

6. The Mapping Project Broad Form Bias Avoidance

7. The Mapping Project: Narrow Form Bias Avoidance

8. The Mapping Project • Bias Avoidance: • Bias Avoidance slightly more prevalent in Chemistry • (both women and men) • Behaviors diverge by Carnegie rankings: • Delay career for family in Bachelor’s/Assoc.s Inst.s • Deny children more often in Research Inst.s • Delay children until after tenure in Research Inst.s • Come back too soon after new child in Research Inst.s

9. The Mapping Project Bias Against Caregiving “I… requested that I not have… night classes… and I had a single white male faculty pull me aside and say, “you know you are being difficult, you are asking for accommodations just because you have a child. You’re high maintenance…”

10. The Mapping Project Bias Avoidance “My baby’s sick, my mother-in-law’s dying, and I can’t be at the meeting. And I actually ended up going to the meeting and leaving it in tears…” “I mean I don’t discuss this stuff with anybody… you know what I mean?” “I could not have [had children] while the tenure clock was ticking… [I]t would have just sent me over the edge…”

11. The Mapping Project Bias Acceptance “I stopped the tenure clock… and then I moved and lost some more years toward tenure and again when I moved here and I knew I was gonna to lose a few [more] years… I knew we were going to have another child so I was like that's ok because that's the only way its going to work.”

12. The Mapping Project Motherhood Norm [On housework:] “That’s what my husband always says– you just do it a whole lot better than I do…” [On missing work:] “But when a mom is doing [that,] it’s like “oh, there she goes again, you know, she’s off doing the mom thing…”

13. The Mapping Project FOCUS GROUP RESULTS: Common Themes Workload & Juggling Cuts across Men & Women

14. The Mapping Project Workload “I think a lot of places, departments here, that the philosophy is, as long as you work all the time, we don’t care where you do it.” [Untenured male:] “I pick up our child in the evening daycare, and after she gets to sleep, that’s when the real work starts, and so I… probably sleep three or four hours a night…”

15. The Mapping Project ANSWERS? [Untenured male:] “I think there's a difference in my workweek B.C. and A.C., and I think B.C. I don't doubt that I was approaching 50, 60 hours a week. I'd be willing to bet that I consciously cut those hours in half. And a lot of that's discipline; a lot of it's learning to say no.”

16. Cases from UI-Chicago • New family? • Family emergencies? • Lessons for others?

17. Cases from UI-Chicago • Family leave • Staying of Tenure • Part-time • Scheduling • Child care • Telecommuting • Climate • New policies

18. PROSPECTIVE ANSWERS • Take Family to Work • Literally • Figuratively • Leaders need to support “whole individual”

19. PROSPECTIVE ANSWERS Involved fathers a. private lives b. at work

20. PROSPECTIVE ANSWERS • Use Existing Policies • Inclusive Processes • Expand Existing Policies

21. Eva and Sophia!