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Republic of Texas 1836-1845

Republic of Texas 1836-1845. Vocabulary. Annexation- One Country or territory taking over another one. Republic- Citizens vote for people to represent them. Westward Expansion- America’s Idea of expanding their country Westward.

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Republic of Texas 1836-1845

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  1. Republic of Texas 1836-1845

  2. Vocabulary • Annexation- One Country or territory taking over another one. • Republic- Citizens vote for people to represent them. • Westward Expansion- America’s Idea of expanding their country Westward. • Texas Rangers- group of men (best of the best) organized to protect the Texas Colonists.

  3. President Sam Houston1836 - 1838, 1841 - 1844 • Frontier bold and popular • First president of Texas • Limited government spending • Established peaceful relations with Mexico and Native Americans • Encouraged Texas being annexed into the United States. • Beat Mirabeau Lamar both times elected

  4. Stephen F. Austin Dies in 1836 • Appointed Secretary of State • 43 years old • Pneumonia • “The Father of Texas is no more…The first pioneer of the wilderness has departed.” Sam Houston • Sam Houston proclaims a 30-day period of mourning

  5. Houston becomes the Capital • Texans supported Houston as the capital • Named in honor of Sam Houston by the founders; the Allen Brothers • Designated as the capital for 3 years • People complained of muddy streets, and swarms of mosquitoes

  6. Recognition As A Nation State • The Republic was… • NOT RECOGNIZED by Mexico • NOT RECOGNIZED by the United States until March 1837 • RECOGNIZED by France and Great Britain, starting in 1839 • Houston thought if European countries recognized Texas, the United States would be interested in Annexing.

  7. Annexation to the U.S. • Supported by Sam Houston and most Texans. • Not supported by the United States until 1837 even though it could lead to Western Expansion • U.S. was worried about damaging their relationship with Mexico and tipping the balance of power of the U.S. Slave States.

  8. Debt under Houston • 1836 – Texas was -$1.25 million in Debt. • Placed a tax on.. • Imported goods (tariff) • Property • Businesses • Land Title Fees • Reduces Army and eliminates the Navy • Houston worked hard at reducing the size of the government and collecting taxes, but by the end of the Republic, Texas was in debt $10 million

  9. Republic of Texas Military • Army • 1836 Sent all but 600 soldiers home on leave • 1841 Reduces the Army and uses Texas Rangers to patrol the frontier. • Navy • Ships wrecked, captured, or seized by creditors.

  10. Relations with Mexico/Indians • Constant Threats and blockades by Mexico • Mier Expedition – Texans invade Mexico without the authority of Houston. • Texans lost, 176 were captured • Houston worked hard at maintaining peace with Mexico. • Houston also tried to establish peaceful relationships with the Indians. • Texas Rangers protected the border.

  11. President Mirabeau Lamar1838 - 1841 • Well-educated and refined • Used military force against Mexico and Native Americans • Wanted Texas to remain Independent • Promoted education • Increased debt due to cost of conflicts and overspending

  12. Debt • Issued more paper money called “Redbacks” worth 15 cents on the U.S. dollar • Cost of Indian Wars - $2.5 million • Financed the failed Santa Fe Expedition • Kept Navy active and bought several ships • $7 million in debt by the end of his term

  13. New Capital • Lamar disliked the capital being named in honor of Sam Houston. • Many thought the capital needed to be more centrally located. • 1839 - Congress authorized Waterloo as the new capital. • Waterloo renamed Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin.

  14. Relations With Mexico • 1841 Santa Fe Expedition • Sent troops without Congressional approval to Santa Fe (Mexico) to claim it as a Texas territory. • Texans lost horribly. • Texans surrendered, taken prisoner

  15. Relations with Native Americans • Wanted to kill or force them out of Texas • Forced Cherokees to Oklahoma and had Chief John Bowles killed • Large number of raids and kidnappings • Council House Fight – A miscommunication over peace talks led to the death of Texans and Comanche leaders.

  16. Education • Texans listed failure to establish public schools as a complaint in the Declaration of Independence. • Improving public education was his goal. • Lamar set aside 18,000 acres of land in each county for public schools • Set aside 220,000 acres for two public universities • Known as the “Father of Education in Texas”

  17. President Anson Jones1844 - 1845 • Involved in the development of the Republic of Texas • 1841 - Served under Sam Houston as Secretary of State • Supported Annexation

  18. Relations With Mexico • Mexican government offered to recognize the Republic of Texas if they rejected Annexation. • Mexico threatened the U.S. with war if they annexed Texas.

  19. Annexation to the U.S. • Ratified by the U.S. Congress December 29, 1845 • Annexation ceremonies were held on the steps of the capitol February 19, 1846 • Texas Became the 28th state in the Union. • “the final act in this great drama is now performed: the Republic of Texas is no more.” Farewell Address President Anson Jones

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