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E BOL A V I R U S D I S EA S E

Learn about the basics of Ebola virus, its signs and symptoms, transmission methods, treatment options, and preparedness measures. Get information on countries with widespread activity, case counts, and laboratory testing. Understand the importance of personal protective equipment and contact tracing. Stay informed and prepared.

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E BOL A V I R U S D I S EA S E

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  1. EBOLAVIRUSDISEASE JosephP.Iser,MD,DrPH,MSc SouthernNevadaHealthDistrict

  2. EBOLA BASICS • Ebolavirus • Causesaviralhemorrhagicfever • Incubationperiod2-21days,normally8-10days • Notinfectiousuntilpersonissymptomatic Source:SNHDWestAfricanEbola FAQ - http://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/ebola/faq.php

  3. SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS • Initially:fever(101.5ºForhigher),headache,fatigue,soremuscles,sorethroat • Progressesto:diarrhea,vomiting,stomachpain,rash,bleeding • Symptoms:2-21days • Fatalityrate:25%-90%,normally~50% Source:SNHDWestAfricanEbola FAQ - http://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/ebola/faq.php

  4. COUNTRIES WITHWIDESPREADACTIVITY(THROUGHOCTOBER10,2014) Source:CDC-http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/distribution-map.html

  5. CASESOUTSIDEWESTAFRICA (THROUGHOCTOBER15,2014) Source:NewYorkTimes:http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/31/world/africa/ebola-virus-outbreak-qa.html?_r=0

  6. CASE COUNTS(DATA THROUGHOCTOBER15,2014) Source:CDC-http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/Ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/index.html

  7. TRANSMISSION • Directcontactwithbloodorbodilyfluidsofillperson • Contactwithobjects(suchasneedles)contaminatedwithbloodorbodilyfluidsofillperson • Ebolaisnotairborne • Ebolaisnotspreadthroughfoodorwater Source:SNHDWestAfricanEbola FAQ - http://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/ebola/faq.php

  8. INFECTIOUSNESS Source:NPR:No,Seriously,HowContagiousisEbola?-http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/10/02/352983774/no-seriously-how-contagious-is-ebola

  9. TREATMENT • NoEbola-specifictreatmentexists • Eboladoesnotrespondtocurrentantibiotics • Experimentaltreatmentsarebeingdevelopedbut notyetavailable • Treatmentissupportive Source:SNHDWestAfricanEbola FAQ - http://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/ebola/faq.php

  10. CONTACTTRACING • FindingeveryonewhohaddirectcontactwithasickEbola patient • Watchfor21 daysafterlastcontact occurred Source:CDC-http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/images/contact-tracing.jpg

  11. EBOLA VIRUSDISEASEALGORITHM

  12. LABORATORYTESTING • Ebolatestingisperformedat CDC • Priorconsultation withCDCrequiredbefore samplesaresubmittedfortesting

  13. ENVIRONMENTALSURVIVAL • Ebolavirusis killedwithhospital-gradedisinfectants (suchashouseholdbleach) andUV • Ebolaviruson surfaces suchasdoorknobsandcountertopscan remain infectivefor severalhours • Ebolavirusin bodyfluids (suchasblood)canremain infectiveuptoseveraldaysatroomtemperature Source:CDCQ&Ason Transmission- http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/qas.html

  14. PERSONALPROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT(PPE)FOR HEALTHCAREWORKERS • Puttingit on • Droplet,standard,andcontactprecautionsare recommendedforapatient-caresettingwhereapatientwithEbolaispresent • AdditionalPPEmightbe requiredforspecial situations(e.g.aerosol-generatingprocedures) Source:CDCEbola InfectionPreventionGuidancehttp://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/infection-prevention-and-control-recommendations.html

  15. PERSONALPROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT(PPE)FOR HEALTHCAREWORKERS • Takingit off • RemovalofusedPPEneedstobeperformedcarefullyandinaspecificsequencetoavoidexposing thewearerto materialscontainingEbola Source:CDChttp://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/ppe/ppeposter148.pdf

  16. PPEFOROTHER (NON-HEALTHCARE) WORKERS • Usethesafetyprecautionsyouwouldnormallyusewhendealingwithapotentiallysickorbloodyperson • Avoiddirectcontactwiththebloodorbodilyfluidsofillpersons Source:Ebola FAQforNon-HealthcareAgenciesand Businessesin SouthernNevada-http://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/download/Ebola/ebola-faq.pdf

  17. EMSPREPAREDNESS • PublicSafetyAnsweringPoints(9-1-1Dispatch Centers)areusingascreeningtooltodetermineEbolariskbasedontravelhistoryandpresenceofsymptomsofEbola • EMScrewisnotifiedofanypositivescreeningresults

  18. EMSPREPAREDNESS • AllEMScrewsareusing theEMSEbolaScreeningTooltoaskquestionstoeverypatientrelatedto travelhistoryandpresenceofEbolasymptoms • IfscreeningresponsesindicatepotentialforEbola,receivingfacilities willbepre-notifiedtoallowforsafeandefficienttransferofcare

  19. HOSPITALPREPAREDNESS • SouthernNevada HealthcarePreparednessCoalition*participationensureshealthcaresystemintegrationwithincommunity • Communitycoordination ofinformation,resources,jointplanning,training,andexercisesiscriticaltoeffectiveincidentmanagement *MSAC,ED-EMSLeadershipWorkinggroup,MAB,LEPC,APIC,HS&UAWG

  20. COMMUNITYPREPAREDNESS • ClarkCountyHazard MitigationPlanandRegionalThreatHazardIdentification&Risk Assessment(THIRA)identifiesabiologicalincidentasoneoftophazards. • Currentplansconsider“All-Hazards” • JointTrainingand Exercises

  21. CLARKCOUNTYEBOLAVIRUSPLANNING • Highvolumevisitor destination • McCarran-nodirectflightsfromAfrica • OverpastmonthsSNHDworkingwithhospitals, EMStoprepareforevent • Createdprotocolsfortesting,firstresponders, andmonitoringcontacts • McCarranincidentresponsedemonstrated planswork

  22. CONSIDEREBOLA ConsiderEbola ReporttotheSNHDOfficeof Epidemiologyat702-759-1300 option2 HasthepersontraveledtoGuinea,LiberiaorSierraLeoneinthepast21days? Doestheperson havefeveror compatibleEbolasymptoms?* *headache,weakness, musclepain,vomiting,diarrhea,abdominalpain,orhemorrhage Source:SNHDEbola FAQ for Non-HealthcareAgenciesand BusinessesinSouthernNevada- http://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/download/Ebola/ebola-faq.pdf

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