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GHSGT Review

GHSGT Review. Nature of Science. Content Covered on Test. Domain 1: Cells and Heredity- 25% of test Domain 2: Ecology- 17% of test Domain 3: Structure and Properties of Matter- 26% of test Domain 4: Energy Transformations- 16% of test. Hints to help you succeed.

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GHSGT Review

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  1. GHSGT Review Nature of Science

  2. Content Covered on Test • Domain 1: Cells and Heredity- 25% of test • Domain 2: Ecology- 17% of test • Domain 3: Structure and Properties of Matter- 26% of test • Domain 4: Energy Transformations- 16% of test Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  3. Hints to help you succeed • READ EVERYTHING CAREFULLY- many questions involve diagrams, pictures, tables, charts and graphs; Read all answer choices carefully before selecting the best answer! • THERE ARE NO TRICK QUESTIONS- Remember that each question has only ONE answer that the experts agree is the correct answer. However, you may be looking for the BEST answer!! If so, BEST ANSWER will be emphasized in question! Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  4. Hints to help you Succeed • CONSIDER EVERY CHOICE- Some alternate choices (distractors) will be attractive because they contain an irrelevant detail, a common misconception or apply the right information the wrong way. Don’t be fooled by these! • GUESS INTELLIGENTLY- there is no penalty for guessing. If you aren’t certain of the answer, reread the material. Eliminate one or more of the distractors Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  5. Hints to help you succeed • SPEND TEST TIME WISELY-These questions are mixed in such a way that you may see “easy” questions and then “hard” questions. If you come to a few hard questions, don’t get discouraged. It is better to move on, answer as many questions as you can, and then come back to the harder ones. • CHECK YOUR ANSWERS- There are always careless errors that you can make Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  6. Ask yourself these questions! • Did I read the question carefully? • Am I on the correct question number in the correct section of the answer booklet? • Is this the answer I intended to mark? Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  7. Thinking Scientifically • Scientific Inquiry: process of asking meaningful questions and seeking answers to those questions • Open-mindedness: willingness to consider and accept new ideas and explanations • Differing perspectives: can lead you to interpret data in different ways • Ethics: obligation to follow using certain methods and record data accurately Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  8. Lesson Review You conduct an experiment and find that your data do not support your hypothesis. What should you do? What is the most important reason that a scientist should publish the results of an experiment? To prevent other scientists from wasting their time To allow others to view and check their work To ensure that credit is given to the first scientist • Change the data to support hypothesis • Report the data and conclusion honestly • Change the hypothesis so that it is right • Change both the data and hypothesis Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  9. Lab Safety • Never work in area without teacher • Notify teacher immediately of problems • Follow instructions exactly as written • Always wear safety equipment • Never smell items directly • Never eat or drink anything in lab area • Tilt or point test tubes away from the body when heating • Always label containers before adding to them • Clean up after yourselves! Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  10. Lesson Review You are using a scalpel to do a dissection. You should ___. • Wear heat-resistant gloves • Cut toward your body • Cut away from body • Hold specimen with tongs You are heating a substance in a test tube over a Bunsen burner. While heating the material you should ___. • Smell fumes given off • Point test tube away from self and others • Put a stopper in the test tube • Discuss the results with your lab partner Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  11. Solving Scientific Problems Asking good questions- should be precise and MEASURABLE Hypothesis- Should be in “If…then” format Experiment- should be controlled Observations- may be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (numerical) Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  12. Analyzing Data- Drawing Conclusions • Once collected, it should be analyzed or interpreted. • Once analyzed, conclusions should be drawn Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  13. Lesson Review Which of the following is the BEST example of a scientific question? • Does a slice of pizza have more fat than a serving of green beans? • Does pizza taste better than green beans? • Is pepperoni a better pizza topping than mushrooms? What does an experiment test? • A conclusion • A hypothesis • An observation • A control Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  14. Planning Investigations • Variable- factor that can affect the outcome of the experiment • Independent variable- purposely changed during experiment (what you are testing) • Dependent variable- changes in response (what you are measuring) Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  15. Using Controls • Experimental group- test group • Control group- no change is made; used for comparison reasons only Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  16. Lesson Review A student wants to test the hypothesis that plant need soil to grow. The control group in the experimental contains the test group in which no change is made in the independent variable. What is the independent variable in the experiment? • Air temperature • Amount of water • Amount of light • Presence of soil Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  17. Lesson Review • Jasmine wants to study which variables affect the chirping rates of crickets. She will be measuring the number of chirps per minute. Which two groups could she use as part of a good experimental design? Assume that any variables not mentioned in the chart are kept the same from group to group. Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  18. Organizing, Comparing and Analyzing Data • Data tables • Circle graphs • Bar graphs • Line graphs Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  19. Lesson Review Daniella records how much of a certain chemical dissolves in 100 grams of water at different temperatures. Her data are shown below. Based on these data, how many grams of the chemical are likely to dissolve at 80oC? 7.0 g c. 70 g 7.2 g d. 72 g • Same examines the cell of a protist with a compound microscope. Which visual display can Sam best use to record what he observes? • Data table • Labeled sketch • Line graph • Circle graph Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  20. Lesson Review The graph shows how velocity changes with time. Which mathematical relationship is shown in the graph? As time increases, velocity decreases As time decreases, velocity is unchanged As time increases, velocity increases There is no obvious mathematical relationship Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  21. Lesson Review A student records data regarding the effect of temperature on pressure inside a bottle. The student then displays his data in the line graph shown. Which statement best explains the relationship shown in the graph? Pressure increases as temperature increases Pressure decreases as temperature increases Temperature decreases as pressure increases You cannot determine the relationship from the graph Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  22. Lesson Review An explanation of the data that tells what relationship exists between the variables in an investigation is a/an ___. • Hypothesis • Scientific law • Bias • conclusion Which is the best definition for the word theory? • An idea that an experiment has proven to be true • Conclusions of an experiment that have been rechecked • A hypothesis that is supported by many experiments • A proven fact that can never be changed by future experiments Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  23. Universal principles Estimation- approximate measurement Sources of error- errors lead to incorrect calculations! Measure and calculate carefully!! Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

  24. Lesson Review The drawing shows a liquid in a graduated cylinder. Which of the following most accurately represents the volume of the liquid? 50 mL 45.1 mL 44 mL 43.0 mL A scientist has an idea about the eating habits of a certain type of turtle. He has described his idea to other scientists and they strongly disagree. What should he do next? • Conduct experiments that may support his idea • Publish his ideas and ask others to comment • Accept the views of the other scientists • Try to find others who believe him Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

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