H Geography Exam-style questions

1. H Geography Exam-style questions

2. Population Lesson starter;

3. Population questions Success criteria .. • I can answer population exam style questions • I can work with a partner to create answers • I can gain more confidence in my exam technique Learning intentions .. - To answer exam style questions related to the population topic

4. With reference to an international migration you have studied explain the impact on both the donor and receiving country. 4 marks

5. Answers could include the following:

6. Answers could include the following:

7. Study Figure 1. Discuss the possible consequences of the 2050 population structure for the future economy of Malawi and the welfare of its citizens. 6 marks 2010 2050

8. Consequences include: • Increased pressure on working population to provide for more than half of the population • Need to spend a lot of money on hospitals, doctors and nurses to provide the medical care needed by children • Expense of providing schools and teachers • Pressure on farmers to grow enough food • Land farmed intensively making soil poorer • More and more trees are being cut down to create farmland – desertification • People become poor and hungry due to stretched resources, and many move to cities in search of work • Not enough housing for everyone so people build their own makeshift shacks with lack of basic amenities, e.g. toilets and water supply • Insufficient jobs for everyone so unemployment is high and crime rates rise. Rise in informal sector employment • Traffic congestion worsens as city populations increase • Schools and hospitals are overcrowded and not everyone has access to them

9. Rural Lesson starter;

10. Referring to named locations in either a semi-arid area or a rainforest area in a developing country discuss the consequences of rural land degradation on the people and their environment. 5 marks

11. Consequences to people and the environment: • Under-nourished and deaths from starvation due to crop failure • Increase in illness and diseases such as kwashiorkor – people are unable to work so have no money for food • People become weaker and poverty increases • People move to the cities in search of jobs – end up living in shanty towns • The traditional life of nomads is under threat – food and water for animals is scarce • Over-cultivation – as people are forced to settle in villages or at oases • Forced migration - people leaving homes and seeking food an shelter in neighbouring countries (can lead to conflict with resident populations • International aid is often necessary to ensure survival – this can lead to over-dependence on aid.

12. Referring to named locations in either a semi-arid or a rainforest area in a developing country: • Explain soil conservation strategies that have reduced land degradation. 5 marks • Comment on the effectiveness of these strategies 5 marks

13. Soil conservation strategies: • Movable fencing – allows farmers to restrict grazing animals to specific areas. • Contour ploughing – used to prevent soil being washed downhill • Terrace – levelled section of a hill designed to slow or prevent the raped surface run-off of irrigation water • Magic stones – lines of stones laid along the contours of gently sloping farmland to catch rain water and reduce soil erosion • Shelter belts – trees planted to stop the wind drying out the ground and blowing the soil away • Strip cultivation – small crops grown between tall crops to provide shelter • Irrigation – used to artificially water crops • Zai – planting pits where water is trapped in the hole • Stone bunds – form a barrier which slows down run-off

14. Effectiveness of these strategies: • Movable fencing –effective if fencing is available and affordable, however herders need to meet an agreement which is not always possible. • Contour ploughing – can reduce soil erosion by as much as 50%, other measures need to be added to this to make it effective – if lines are not correctly established, there can be more risk to erosion • Terrace – successful in keeping the soil moist as they slow the flow of water • Magic stones – little cost involved, farmers can help each other • Shelter belts – successful as trees planted to stop the wind drying out the ground and blowing the soil away • Strip cultivation – successful as they provide shelter • Irrigation – successful if water is available to be stored • Zai – planting pits where water is trapped in the hole • Stone bunds – retain water and silt, building up new soil

15. Urban Lesson starter;

16. The average growth rate of vehicular traffic in Mumbai was 7% over the past seven years, with 300-350 new vehicles on the road every day. For Mumbai, or any named city you have studied in the developing world, evaluate the strategies employed to manage traffic congestion. 5 marks

17. With reference to a developed world city you have studied, explain the impact of recent housing changes that have taken place in the inner city. 6 marks

18. With reference to a developed world city you have studied, explain in detail, why there is a need for housing management. 6 marks

19. With reference to a developed world city you have studied, discuss the reasons why there is a need for transport management. 6 marks