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Cold War

Cold War. 1945-1991. Cold War Beginnings. Following WWII the US and USSR were the only two superpowers left Soon after WWII these two powers were in a Cold War (Icy Tensions) Why?- different economic systems, strategic interests, Stalin’s Speech, Iron Curtain Speech, Atomic Weapons.

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Cold War

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  1. Cold War 1945-1991

  2. Cold War Beginnings • Following WWII the US and USSR were the only two superpowers left • Soon after WWII these two powers were in a Cold War (Icy Tensions) • Why?- different economic systems, strategic interests, Stalin’s Speech, Iron Curtain Speech, Atomic Weapons

  3. Pre Cold War distrust • US • Communism antithesis of Democracy/Freedom/Capitalism • Stalin’s Purges • Non-Aggression Pact • USSR emphasis on Worldwide communism • USSR • US attempted to undo Revolution • Delayed attack on Western Front during WWII • Believes peace will come from worldwide communism

  4. Yalta Conference 1945 • Big 3 – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin • Germany Split into 4 Occupied Zones • Soviet vs. Western Allies (Tension for Four Decades) • Agreement to create United Nations

  5. Potsdam- 1945 • Big 3 – Truman, Churchill, Stalin • Meeting more tense (Truman’s style, plus knowledge of da bomb) • Presses Stalin for free elections in Eastern Europe • Stalin later gives speech saying Capitalism and Communism cannot exist in same world

  6. United States 1946 • Churchill Warns of an “Iron Curtain” in Europe • Stalin calls speech an act of war, beginning of the Cold War

  7. Truman Doctrine- 1946 • Turkey and Greece faced Communist revolutions • Truman asks for and recieves 400 million to aid fight against communism • Beginning of Containment Policy (not allow communism to spread) • Becomes guiding US policy into 1970’s

  8. Western Europe 1947 • The Marshall Plan gives aid to European Nations • Rebuilt Western Europe, threatened Communism

  9. Berlin, Germany • Stalin cuts off access to Berlin, US sends airplanes with supplies • Stalin backs off, Victory for West

  10. Western Europe/ North America 1949 • NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization • USSR creates Warsaw Pact in 1955

  11. USSR/China- 1949 • USSR develops A-Bomb • Arms race develops between US and USSR • China falls to the Communists

  12. Eisenhower • Eisenhower / Dulles policy of Massive Retaliation (Brinkmanship)

  13. Containment Chart

  14. Korea • Communist North Korea Invades South Korea • UN and West aid South Korea while Soviet Union and China aid North Korea • 1950-1953

  15. 38th Parallel

  16. Inchon Landing

  17. Yalu River

  18. Truman Fires Macarthur

  19. 1953 Cease Fire and DMZ

  20. Vietnam 1954 • US actively aids against Ho Chi Minh and Communists • French defeat at Dien Bien Phu

  21. Paris Peace Accords

  22. Eisenhower and the Domino Theory

  23. JFK and Diem

  24. LBJ1963- USS Maddox and Gulf of Tonkin

  25. 1964-1968 (Tet Offensive)

  26. 1968- Nixon and Vietnamization

  27. 1975- Fall of Saigon

  28. Vietnam Effects

  29. Cuba 1959 • Fidel Castro and Communists take Cuba

  30. Cuba 1960 • Bay of Pigs invasion, attempted overthrow of Fidel Castro’s Communism

  31. Cuba 1962 • Soviet Missiles Discovered in Cuba • Beginning of 13 Day Cuban Missile Crisis

  32. Cuban Missile Crisis • Closest ever coming to Nuclear War • Kennedy vs. Kruschev • President Kennedy Blocks Cuba with Ships (“eye to eye and the other guy blinked”)

  33. Soviet Union 1953-1956 • Stalin Dies in 1953, Nikita Kruschev becomes new Soviet Leader • 1956 begins policy of De-Stalinization

  34. Hungary 1956 • Hungarian Leader Imre Nage takes Hungary out of Warsaw Pact • Kruschev sends in Soviet Troops to regain order

  35. USSR-1957 • Soviets Launch Sputnik • Beginning of Space Race between US and USSR

  36. Berlin, Germany 1961 • East Germany builds wall, cuts off access for East Germany to West Berlin Berlin • Wall became a symbol of the Cold War

  37. USSR / Czecholslovakia-1964-1968 • 1964 Leonid Brezhnez becomes leader of Soviet Union • Czechovakian leader Alexander Dubcek lessoned censorship “Prague Spring” • Free Expression clamped down with Brezhnez Doctrine (later used in Afghanistan)

  38. Richard Nixon and Detente • Détente- Lessening Cold War Tensions • Real Politik- dealing with nations in a practical and flexible manner (anti-containment) • Nixon visits China (Sino-Soviet Split) • SALT Treaties • Policy continued with Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter

  39. Ronald Reagan • Fiercely Anti-Communist • Moved Away from Détente • Increased Military Spending • SDI, Strategic Defense Initiative or Star Wars

  40. USSR 1985 • Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Premier • Begins a series of Reforms and Freedoms in Russia

  41. Glasnost • Openness- Churches opened, Press allowed to criticize government, Banned authors allowed to publish books

  42. Perestroika • “Economic Restructuring”, Managers make more decisions, small private businesses

  43. Democratization • Gradual opening of the political system • Election of a new group of lawmakers • Communist Party no longer chose all candidates

  44. USSR 1991 • Nationalities begin to call of Independence • August Coup, by Communist Hardliners • Boris Yeltsin Seen as Hero • Boris Yeltsin becomes President of Russia

  45. Russia 1991-1999 • Boris Yeltsin President • Forms Commonwealth of Independent States of CIS • Shock Therapy for Economy

  46. Russia 1999-2008 • Vladimir Putin appointed President in 1999 (won re-election twice) • Forcefully dealt with Chechnya • Tightened Grip of government on Economy • Restricted Voting Rights and Liberties

  47. Central and Eastern EuropePoland • Lech Walesa leads workers Union Solidarity against Communist Government • Series of strikes and crackdowns. By 1989, Solidarity was legal in Poland, helped gain free elections

  48. Berlin, Germany 1989 • Berlin Wall falls after Hungary opens its borders (Symbol of End of Cold War) • Start of the collapse of the Eastern Bloc • Process of Reunification

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