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CS2172 Fundamentals of Computing Introduction

CS2172 Fundamentals of Computing Introduction Lecturer and Tutors Dr. Kenneth Lee E-mail: kclee@cs.cityu.edu.hk What you’ll learn in this semester General overview of computer technology WWW and Internet Network Models and Protocols Internals of computer and processor

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CS2172 Fundamentals of Computing Introduction

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  1. CS2172 Fundamentals of ComputingIntroduction

  2. Lecturer and Tutors • Dr. Kenneth Lee • E-mail: kclee@cs.cityu.edu.hk

  3. What you’ll learn in this semester • General overview of computer technology • WWW and Internet • Network Models and Protocols • Internals of computer and processor • Different types of Input/Output and storage hardware • Operating Systems • Multi-Media Computing • Some interesting up-to-date news.

  4. Pattern of teaching • We’ll have 2 hours of lectures every Wednesday • 1 hour of tutorial/lab during weekdays • Lectures will be focusing on theory • Hands-on exercises will be given during tutorials • Hands-on will be related to application programs, covering part of the features in Dreamweaver, Flash and MS Office

  5. Assessment • 40% of total mark is contributed by coursework • One individual assignment (release in about week 3) • One group assignment & presentation (release in about week 10) • One 1hr mid-term quiz (in about week 9)

  6. Reference Books • There is no "official" text book set for this course, yet the followings are reasonably good: B.Williams and S.Sawyer, Using Information Technology, 6th Ed, Complete Version, McGraw-Hill, 2005 Bill Daley, Computers Are Your Future, Complete (9th Ed), Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007

  7. Reference Books • Most of the materials will be given as handouts. • Supplementary reading lists will be provided in the class when needed. Alan Evans, Mary Ann Poatsy, Kendall Martin Technology in Action, Complete (5th Edition) (Go!), Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008

  8. Chapter 1 – Expected Outcome • After this lecture, students are expected to be able to • Describe the roles of computer in daily life. • Name the different types of computer and briefly describe their common use. • Describe what are software and hardware with examples. • Name the hardware (Input / Output / Process / Storage / Communication) found in typical computer and briefly explain their respective usage. • Give examples on the major types of computer abuse.

  9. How computers change our life? • Normalization of technology This ‘telephone’ has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us Western Union Internal Memo 1876 Radio: The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular? I think there is a world market for maybe FIVE computers. Thomas Watson (Founder IBM) 1943 640K should be enough memory for any body. Bill Gates, 1981 (attributed, but denied)

  10. How computers change our life? • Communication (Long dist. phone v.s. Skype 1:1->M:M) • Gathering after school -> icq -> msn • Entertainment (cinema -> DVD / youtube) • Project/Reports (paper-based -> doc / ppt) • Activities in daily life: News: http://www.cnn.com Banking: http://main.hangseng.com Shopping: http://www.wellcome.com.hkhttp://hk.auctions.yahoo.com/

  11. Communications

  12. Communications

  13. Media / Entertainment

  14. Media / Entertainment • Computer graphics is used in films nowadays • To replace expensive physical models • Objects can be duplicated easily • Shorten the time-to-market Examples: • Jurassic Park • Terminator

  15. Media / Entertainment • The technology became mature and high quality CG rendering is now readily available to typical home-use computers at affordable price “Head” demo from NVidia (8800GTX), 2007 Wolf 3D from id Soft, 1991

  16. What’s so special about computer • What makes computer different from other machines is that: Computer runs program! By changing the program (instructions), the same computer can be used to perform different function (That’s why X-Box can be hacked to run Linux OS)

  17. The Varieties of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers Supercomputer

  18. Supercomputer • Fastest, most powerful, most expensive among the categories • Suitable for intensive calculations and processing • e.g. Deep Blue, Blue Gene • Example Application: • weather maps, construction of atom bombs, finding oil, earthquake prediction, etc.

  19. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers Mainframe

  20. Mainframes mainframes support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe • Allows hundreds of people to have simultaneous computer usage • Used in large business environment (eg. bank) • Processing speed: > 1,000,000,000,000 instructions per second

  21. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers Workstation: Sun Ultra450

  22. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers HP Compaq microcomputer

  23. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers Apple i-Mac computer

  24. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers Laptop computer

  25. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Tablet computer • Specialized notebook equipped with touch-screen / tablet input. Instead of using keyboard, users could also input via handwriting recognition / virtual keyboard • UMPC (Ultra-Mobile PC): • A market product / spec by the collaboration of Microsoft, Intel, Samsung and a others

  26. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines Owing to market demand, a new spectrum of products is being developed and the boundary is becoming un-clear. One example is the so-called “sub-notebooks” with dimension from 9 inches to 14 inches

  27. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) • Perform simple tasks • Small screen • Input and output ? • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers Hand-held Personal Digital Assistant

  28. All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines • Supercomputers • Mainframes • Workstations • Microcomputers • Microcontrollers DSP: Digital Signal Processor

  29. Wait… you missed “Servers”… • Actually “Server” is not the name of a type of computer… • But rather, “Server” is defined as the party providing service. • (on the other hand, the party requesting service is “Client”) For Example (email/webpage access): Server: The machine which stores your email / web page Clients: PCs, workstations which access mail / webpage (e.g. running I.E.)

  30. Computers in the future – PC in year 2015 More convenient: E-Book with Dual monitor?

  31. Computers in the future – PC in year 2015 More environment-friendly: Solar notebook?

  32. Computers in the future – PC in year 2015 • PC anywhere? Only time will tell whether those concepts could survive

  33. Data The raw facts and figures that are processed into information Information Data that has been summarized or otherwise manipulated for use in decision making So, what is the common point? Although computers differ in size, price and usage, but as mentioned earlier, they are common in a way that they all run programs. Another common point is that computers process data into information. Exam marks Class average/distribution Profit / business strategy Purchase records

  34. Hardware All the machinery and equipment in a computer system Software All the instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task Hardware and software Since computer is a generic machine which is capable of doing different tasks, you need to provide the computer with command / instructions (i.e. SOFTWARE) + =

  35. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Keyboard Thanks to the improvement of technology. Wireless ver is more common Mouse

  36. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Case or system cabinet

  37. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Motherboard

  38. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Processor chip

  39. Primary storage (memory) - RAM Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed Secondary storage (storage) - The area in the computer where data or information is held permanently How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications

  40. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Memory chips

  41. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Hard-disk drive

  42. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications CD drive

  43. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Floppy disk Zip disk

  44. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Flash Memory and USB Drive

  45. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Sound card

  46. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Speakers

  47. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications

  48. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Monitor

  49. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications Printer

  50. How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations. • Input • Processing • Storage • Output • Communications

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