February 24 th , 2016

1. February 24th, 2016 • Bellringer: Would you rather be a citizen of Athens or Sparta? Justify your answer with two supporting points for your chosen city-state as well as one negative for the other city-state. • Athens vs. Sparta discussion-take notes on your own paper (what you feel is important to write down; key ideas, people, events) • Any time remaining, please read 9.2 (Athens and Sparta) for information that will be on your test. • Homework: Study Guides due tomorrow (see Mrs. Petzke if you have lost yours); Chapter 9 Test Friday

2. Sparta vs. Athens Paraphrase the notes on your own paper; this information can be found in 9.2 in your textbooks

3. Boys & Men in Sparta • Daily life in Sparta was dominated by the army. • Sick boys were left to die. • Healthy boys were trained from an early age to be soldiers. • As part of their training, boys ran, jumped, and threw javelins to increase their strength. • Training began at 7 and military service from ages 20-30 but could be asked to fight until the age of 60!

4. Boys & Men in Sparta • Spartans were trained to be tough so: • They weren’t given shoes or heavy clothes, even in the winter. • They weren’t given much food. • Boys were allowed to steal food, but if they were caught, they were whipped. • Spartans believed that the most important qualities of good soldiers were self-discipline and obedience. • Spartans had no luxuries like soft furniture or expensive food.

5. Discussion Questions(with your neighbor) • What are the benefits to having soldiers whose ONLY job was to fight? • Why would the Spartans only give soldiers the bare essentials? (i.e. no luxuries)

6. Discussion Answers • Benefit of having to focus only on fighting: Soldiers would be trained from an early age, so the fighting/toughness would be second nature to them • Spartans only given essentials: They wouldn’t become “soft” in times away from battles. Think about spoiled professional athletes…they wanted Spartans to keep their edge.

7. Girls & Women in Sparta • Spartan women had more rights than other Greek women. • Some women were allowed to own land. • Spartan women thought spinning cloth and weaving were jobs for slaves. • Spartan women received similar physical training as Spartan men. • Discuss: Why would they want their women to have similar training to the men?

8. Discussion Question • They would want their women to receive similar training so as to avoid a “weak link” or “nurturing” part in their society; no room for weakness! Also, so these women could have strong Spartan babies.

9. Spartan Government • Sparta was ruled by two kings. Why have two kings? • Elected officials ran the day-to-day activities. • Sparta’s government was set up to control the city’s helots or slaves. • Slaves grew all the city’s crops and did many other jobs. • Even though slaves outnumbered the Spartans, the fear of the Spartan army kept them From rebelling. Slaves outnumbered citizens 20 to 1

10. Slavery in Ancient Sparta (Read together) • slavery in Ancient Sparta • In Spartan society, all slaves were owned by the state. The helots (as the Spartan slaves were known) outnumbered the citizen population by about twenty to one. Helots formed the basis of the Spartan economy and were essential to food production, however, they were treated like animals. Helots were bound to the land, unable to leave. • Helots were legally viewed as enemies of the state. They were forced to wear humiliating clothing to distinguish them from the Spartan population and were publicly punished through annual beatings to remind them of their servile position. One ancient writer, Plutarch, described how the young Spartan men could run throughout the country armed with daggers and murder helots at will. This was intended to terrorize them to keep them under control. There was no penalty for killing a helot.In wartime, they acted as servants to the warriors or served as light infantrymen. Only the state could emancipate [free] slaves but how often they used the power was questionable. One Greek writer describes how after a victorious battle, the helots were asked to name those who were champions so they could be manumitted. The two thousand who stepped forward were murdered. The Athenian, Critias, best described the situation in Sparta: “The free were more free, and the slaves more fully slaves than elsewhere.”

11. Boys & Men in Athens • Athenian boys worked to improve both their bodies and their minds. • They had military training like Spartan boys, but it wasn’t as long or harsh. • Athenian men only had to serve in the military for two years.

12. Boys & Men in Athens • Athenian men also learned to read, write, and count as well as learn to sing and play musical instruments. • Men had training in public speaking in order to prepare them for participation in the assembly. • Boys from poor families were taught to read and write, but often became farmers.

13. Girls & Women in Athens • Girls received little or no education. Girls and women from wealthy families may be taught privately • Most girls learned household tasks like weaving or sewing. • Despite Athens’ reputation for freedom and democracy, women had almost no rights. • They had to obey their husbands and fathers. • They could only leave their houses on special occasions. • What is the woman in the picture doing? What does this say about Athenian society?

14. Government in Athens • Athens had a democracy, but that was limited to only free males.

15. Battles • Athens fought most of their battles at sea. • Sparta fought most of their battles on land. • The Peloponnesian War was fought when the Delian League (Athens) and the Peloponnesian League (Sparta) fought each other for control of the Greek World.