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Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). 40,000 chemicals on the market – which ones to regulate?

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Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

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  1. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

  2. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) • 40,000 chemicals on the market – which ones to regulate? • 18 years since USEPA last promulgated a drinking water standard for a new contaminant.

  3. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances

  4. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Perfluoroalkyl Substances – carbon chains that are fully fluorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Substances –carbon chains that are partly fluorinated

  5. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) • 3000 to 6000 fluorinated organic compounds (depends on the source of information) • Manmade • PFAS compounds are very stable, do not biodegrade, and are found throughout the environment globally

  6. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) • Most widespread in the environment, and most well-studied PFAS compounds • PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic acid- 8 carbon chain • PFOS – Perfluorooctane sulfonate - 8 carbon chain • EPA drinking water advisory: PFOA+PFOS 0.07 ug/L

  7. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Common locations of contamination • Fire training areas – fire fighting foams used by DoD • Manufacturing facilities • Waste water treatment plants • Landfills

  8. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Found in common products (some examples) • Grease-resistant paper, fast food containers • Nonstick cookware (Teflon pans) • Stain resistant coatings used on carpets, upholstery • Water resistant clothing • Cleaning products • Shampoo, dental floss, nail polish, eye makeup • Paints, varnishes, sealants

  9. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Recent Timeline • 2002: Largest manufacturer in US voluntarily stopped producing • 2006: EPA and major companies in the industry launched a Stewardship Program to stop producing PFOA and related chemicals by 2015. However, other countries still produce PFOS, and it can be imported into the United States in limited quantities.

  10. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Potential Health Effects • Affect developing fetus and child – learning and behavior • Decrease fertility • Disrupt hormones • Increase cholesterol • Suppress immune system • Cancer

  11. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) • Sampling issues: • Need low detection limits (< 70 ng/L for EPA advisory level) • Standards not available for many analytes • Method 537 rev1.1 Determination of Selected Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), Sept. 2009. Addresses 14 separate compounds.

  12. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Do not use for sampling! • Field equipment: LDPE bottles, LDPE hydrasleeves, Teflon caps, • Teflon tubing, Fluoropolymer bailers, Pump bladders, Fluoropolymer tubing, Valves and other pump parts, Glass containers, Waterproof field books, Sharpies, Plastic • Clipboards/binders

  13. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Do not use! Post It notes, Blue ice, Aluminum foil. Fabric softener, Gor-Tex, Dri-fit, Tyvek, Cosmetics, Moisturizers, some types of Sunscreen, Insect repellent and Food Packaging.

  14. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) OK to use during sampling: • HDPE bottles and HDPE hydrasleeves, silicon tubing, alconox and liquinox soap, ball point pens, loose paper, aluminum/Masonite clipboards, nitrile gloves, ice in plastic (polyethylene) bags – double bagged and overnight shipping, well laundered preferably cotton clothing, some sunscreens and insect repellents

  15. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Groundwater Remediation: • Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) • insitu – latest carbon products – various carbon sources (coal, coconut shell) • Special resins

  16. Contaminants of Emerging Concern Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Thank you/Questions

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