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Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Northern Argentina

Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Northern Argentina. Uriel Kitron, Univ. of Illinois Ricardo E. Gurtler, Univ of Buenos Aires Heinrich Zu Dohna, Rockefeller Univ.   Ellen M. Dotson, CDC Maria C. Cecere, Univ of Buenos Aires Open discussion Symposium, ASTMH 53 rd Annual Meeting

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Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Northern Argentina

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  1. Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Northern Argentina Uriel Kitron, Univ. of Illinois Ricardo E. Gurtler, Univ of Buenos Aires Heinrich Zu Dohna, Rockefeller Univ.   Ellen M. Dotson, CDC Maria C. Cecere, Univ of Buenos Aires Open discussion Symposium, ASTMH 53rd Annual Meeting Miami, FL, Nov. 10, 2004

  2. Infectious diseases grants awarded by NIH and NSF Joint program supports initiatives that seek to understand the ecological and biological mechanisms that govern relationships between human-induced environmental changes and the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. http://www.nsf.gov/bio/pubs/awards/eid.htm

  3. 4. Eco-Epidemiology of Chagas Disease in northwest Argentina • Ricardo Gurtler, M. Carla Cecere Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec, Paula Marcet, Judith Schachter Broide, Leo Ceballos, Victoria Cardinal – Univ. of Buenos Aires, Argentina • Joel Cohen, Heinrich Zu Dohna - Rockefeller University, NY • Sonia Blanco, Cynthia Spielman, Delmi Canale – National Vector Control Program, Argentina • Ellen Dotson, Ben Beard - CDC • Uriel Kitron, Anna Schotthoefer, Janet Thornhill - Univ. of Illinois Supported by NIH/NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease Program

  4. Argentina Tintina Departamento Moreno Eco-Epidemiology of Chagas’ Disease In Northwest Argentina – study area Ikonos satellite image – used for detailed mapping Departamento Moreno Santiago del Estero Province Amama Dry Chaco - Semi-arid area; mean annual temp. of 22º C; hot summers and cold winter nights

  5. Landscape and community undergoing rapid change Local economy is based on exploitation of the (rapidly disappearing) forest: Wood-chopping, production of coal and hardwood posts.

  6. Chagas study - Specific Aims • Analyze spatial & temporal pattern of reinfestation by triatomine bugs and T. cruzi infection in bugs, dogs and people • Identify mechanisms underlying these patterns • Determine source of colonizing vectors and of T. cruzi infection using morphometrics and molecular analyses • Develop empirically based, spatially structured mathematical models of reinfestation and transmission • Develop risk maps at village, Department and Province-wide levels

  7. Chagas study - Components • Field – vector, reservoir, domestic and human hosts, domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environment • Laboratory – diagnosis, genetic variability of pathogen and vector, experimental studies • Computer – data management and analysis, predictions

  8. Chagas study - Components • Field studies – parasitology, entomology, demography, epidemiology, spatial description and mapping, field experiments • Laboratory – diagnostic, morphometric, molecular, experimental • Computer – database, remote sensing, GIS, spatial statistics, modeling

  9. Tasks in our 5-year study • create a georeferenced databaseto the structure level • measure infestation patterns in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic habitats • study the population structure of bugs and trypanosomes • Determine infections rates in domestic and sylvatic animals • Understand and model the reinfestation process and transmission dynamics

  10. 1-m Panchromatic 4-m multi-spectral IKONOS The IKONOS satellite is a high resolution satellite capable of creating 1-m2 panchromatic and 4-m2 multi-spectral images.

  11. The First Step: Getting the GPS points and making the Sketch maps in the field.

  12. red Green Second Step: Get the IKONOS and process it. Blue NIR Pan Stitch-Mosaic together tiles Combine 5 bands Crop out smaller Images for areas Of interest

  13. Third Step: Georeferencing the image with GPS points

  14. 1- Bring in your GPS Points 2- Locate where they should overlay on the image

  15. The Image moves to match the points

  16. Now that the image is Georeferenced, we can digitize the structures.

  17. And end up with a comprehensive map And location data for further analyses

  18. Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Northern Argentina

  19. Skunk Rodents processing Opposum Project is a true collaboration between UBA, UIUC, CDC, Rockefeller and Nat’l Vector Control Programme; and includes a strong training component Armadillo

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