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U.S in central America & The Caribbdean. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY & Moi Lakeside School, Seattle WA. The Cuban “Melodrama”. The Spanish-American War: 1898. Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy. Remember the Maine ! To Hell with Spain !.
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U.S in central America & The Caribbdean Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY & Moi Lakeside School, Seattle WA
The Cuban “Melodrama” The Spanish-American War: 1898
Cuban “Independence?” Senator Orville Platt Platt Amendment (1903) 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Jose Marti • “The scorn of our formidable neighbor who does not know us is our America’s greatest danger.” • “The trees must form ranks to keep the giant with seven-league boots from passing!”
US Interventions in the Caribbean and CenAm2 1. Nicaragua - 1909, 1912, 1932 2. Mexico -1914, 1916-17 3. Haiti -1915-1934 4. Dominican Republic - 1904, 1905, 1912, 1914, 1916-1924
Nicaragua • U.S. increasingly concerned about stability in CentAm because of the Panama Canal. • Put down rebellions • In 1926, intervention “because communists were fighting the government”-U.S. Secretary of State Frank Kellogg • 1933 Americans finally left. Rebel leader Augusto Sandino killed
Haiti • 1915 Pres. Woodrow Wilson sends Marines to protect U.S. lives and property after an anti-gov’t uprising. • Rebel “bandits” resist and U.S puts down resistance. • U.S. military commander dissolves Haitian Congress and dictates a new constitution-fails to solve H’s problems. • U.S. withdraws in 1934.
Dominican Republic • Five armed incursions by the U.S,, from 1904 to 1914. • U.S. Marines are sent in 1916 because U.S. is afraid of growing German influence in the area • Guerrilla war 1917-1922 • Americans withdraw in 1924
Mexico • 1914, Pres. Wilson sends Marines to seize port of Veracruz through which military supplies flow. • Americans shell the city, killing people • 1916-1917, U.S. troops pursue Pancho Villa after he raids Columbus NM and kills 16 Americans, after going nearly 500 miles in Mexico, the Americans never find Villa, though his popularity increases.
Another view of US military intervention • I spent 33 years and four months in active military service and during that period I spent most of my time as a high class thug for Big Business, for Wall Street and the bankers. In short, I was a racketeer, a gangster for capitalism. I helped make Mexico and especially Tampico safe for American oil interests in 1914. I helped make Haiti and Cuba a decent place for the National City Bank boys to collect revenues in. I helped in the raping of half a dozen Central American republics for the benefit of Wall Street. I helped purify Nicaragua for the International Banking House of Brown Brothers in 1902–1912. I brought light to the Dominican Republic for the American sugar interests in 1916. I helped make Honduras right for the American fruit companies in 1903. In China in 1927 I helped see to it that Standard Oil went on its way unmolested. Looking back on it, I might have given Al Capone a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts. I operated on three continents. • ~Marine Maj. Gen. Smedley Butler, 1933
Cuban “Young Pioneers” What were some of Castro’s reforms??
Cuba is 90 Miles from the Florida Coast A Soviet “Client-State”
The Cuban “Boat People” The Cuban Adjustment Act - 1966
Castro at the United Nations US Embargo of Cuba
