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Lesson 33 Nov. 4-8, 2013

Lesson 33 Nov. 4-8, 2013. Perfect Passive Participles Passive Voice: Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect Tenses. Perfect Passive Participles (aka, “Party- ciples !!!”). A PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective. The past participle in English usually ends in – ed :

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Lesson 33 Nov. 4-8, 2013

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  1. Lesson 33Nov. 4-8, 2013 Perfect Passive Participles Passive Voice: Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect Tenses

  2. Perfect Passive Participles(aka, “Party-ciples!!!”) • A PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective. The past participle in English usually ends in –ed: • e.g.: carried, beloved • With other verbs, it is irregular: • e.g.: shown, eaten, seen, heard.

  3. Perfect Passive Participles • Like adjectives, participles modify nouns. • The baby, CARRIED by its mother, stopped crying. • “carried” modifies “baby” • The sheets, EATEN by moths, were no longer useful. • “eaten” modifies “sheets” • SEEN cheating by her boyfriend, the girl decided now was as good a time as any to break up. • “seen” modifies “girl”

  4. Perfect Passive Participles • In Latin, the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE is the 4th PRINCIPAL PART of the verb. • It generally ends in –tus or –sus

  5. All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts porto portare portavi portatus First Person Singular Present Active“I carry” Present Active Infinitive “to carry” First Person Singular Perfect Active “I carried” Perfect Passive Participle “having been carried” or “carried”

  6. Perfect Passive Participles • Mitto, mittere, misi, MISSUS • MISSUS: “sent” or “having been sent” • These words decline in 1st/2nd declensions just like any other –us, -a, -um adjective. (but only the –us ending is listed in your vocabulary)

  7. Participles • Examples: • cibusportatus: • “the carried food” • litteraemissae: • “the sent letter”

  8. Participles and Passive Voice Verbs • The perfect passive participle (part 4 of the verb’s principal parts) is used to make PASSIVE VOICE of the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses. • Perfect passive tenses are unique in that they use 2 words: a participle and a form of sum. • Remember that the participle is an adjective, so we’re going to have to tweak its ending a little bit as we conjugate from singular to plural and from gender to gender.

  9. Perfect Passive Tense • Take the perfect passive participle of a verb. • Add the present tense of “sum” as a helping verb. Yes, you’re using the PRESENT tense of sum to form a PAST tense verb. Be careful not to translate “sum” as present tense when it’s partnered up with a participle. You’ll see why on the next page….

  10. Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject • Puellaamata est. • The girl was loved. • Puellaeamataesunt. • The girls were loved.

  11. Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject • Equusamatus est. • The horse was loved. • Equiamatisunt. • The horses were loved.

  12. Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject • Templumamatum est. • The temple was loved. • Templaamatasunt. • The temples were loved.

  13. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead Singular Plural 1st ductusducti 2nd ductusducti 3rd ductusducti sum est es sumus sunt estis

  14. Pluperfect Passive: The Same Pattern! Just use “eram” as your helping verb. amo, amare, amavi, amatus: love

  15. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead Singular Plural 1st ductusducti 2nd ductusducti 3rd ductusducti eram erat eras eramus erant eratis

  16. Future Perfect Passive: The Same Pattern AGAIN! Just use “ero” as your helping verb (future of sum) amo, amare, amavi, amatus: love

  17. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead Singular Plural 1st ductusducti 2nd ductusducti 3rd ductusducti ero erit eris erimus erunt eritis

  18. Ready to practice?  • But first….

  19. Workbook page 121(watch out for genders and plurals!) missaest a. He will be sent missaerunt b. it will have been sent 3. missumest c. They had been sent mittetur d. She has been sent missaesunt e. They were being sent mittebantur f. They will have been sent missus est g. They are sent mittuntur h. They have been sent missieranti. It was sent missumerit j. He has been sent

  20. Ready to practice more?  • But once again….

  21. beneficium, • benefici (n.) • kindness, benefit

  22. exemplum, • exempli (n.) • example • exemplify, sample, exemplary

  23. egregius, • egregia • egregium: • distinguished, • excellent • egregious

  24. propono, • proponere, • proposui, • propositus: • put forward, offer

  25. suscipio, • suscipere, • suscepi, • susceptus: • undertake, take up, start

  26. per (+ acc.): • through • perforate, permit, percolate

  27. sub: • under, close up to • + acc.: verbs of motion • + abl.: verbs of rest • suspicion, submarine

  28. Workbook page 121 Exercise “E” • Translate the 5 sentences in exercise “E” about pirates in the Roman world. Arrrrrgh! • Pay special attention to the passive voice verbs, especially your new perfect/pluperfect/future perfect passive tenses. (Whew! That’s a mouthful…!)

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