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P.M. (Maarten) Biesheuvel Wageningen, the Netherlands Wetsus, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands

Capacitive Porous Electrodes. P.M. (Maarten) Biesheuvel Wageningen, the Netherlands Wetsus, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. Capacitive Deionization. A close relative …. Supercapacitors. Capacitive Deionization (CDI). Flow-through. Static. 3. “Capacitive Deionization” – Web of Science.

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P.M. (Maarten) Biesheuvel Wageningen, the Netherlands Wetsus, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands

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  1. Capacitive Porous Electrodes • P.M. (Maarten) Biesheuvel • Wageningen, the Netherlands • Wetsus, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands

  2. Capacitive Deionization

  3. A close relative … Supercapacitors Capacitive Deionization (CDI) Flow-through Static 3

  4. “Capacitive Deionization” – Web of Science

  5. (Membrane) Capacitive Deionization without ion-exchange membranes with ion-exchange membranes

  6. Capacitive Deionization Adsorption Porous electrode Vcell Porous electrode 6

  7. Capacitive Deionization Release Porous electrode short-circuit Porous electrode 7

  8. Models for the Electrical Double Layer

  9. Salt adsorption and Charge in Microporous Carbons Equilibrium, @ Vcell=1.2 V

  10. New system designs

  11. Flowable electrodes

  12. Desalination with Wires

  13. Desalination with Wires Results published in: Porada, S., B.B. Sales, H.V.M. Hamelers, and P.M. Biesheuvel (2012) The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3: 1613-1618

  14. Ion transport phenomena in realistic systems:Instead of “Na+ Cl-” also H+ OH- HCO3- etc.

  15. Three examples for amphoteric ionic systemse.g., CO32-HCO3-H2CO3 Capacitive Deionization Current-induced membrane discharge CO2 energy

  16. CDI – pH effects

  17. Example 2. Overlimiting current in Ion-exchange membranes membrane discharge water in membrane pores

  18. Example 2. Overlimiting current in Ion-exchange membranes Current Induced Membrane Discharge

  19. Example 3. “CO2 energy” from power plant off-gas

  20. Modeling of ion transport in amphoteric systems e.g., CO32- + H+ HCO3-

  21. Advantages of fast ion equilibration • By addition of balances, for each “group” such as for CO2/HCO3-/CO32-, only one balance per group remains • and, all dummy parameters R disappear ! • very elegant to include now reactions at solid surfaces, or evaporation liquid gas JNH3(aq) JNH3(g) JNH4+(aq) JOH-(aq) JH+(aq)

  22. Thank you !

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