Young Japanese People’s Construction of Relationships in Mobile Phone Communication -an analysis based on empathy, emoti

1. Young Japanese People’s Construction of Relationships in Mobile Phone Communication-an analysis based on empathy, emotion and context- Kazuko Miyake (Toyo University, Tokyo)

2. Contents • Language in the Media • Japanese Youth Today • Linguistic Patterns of the Mobile Phone Messaging • Conclusion Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

3. Language in the Media(1) We are communicating through media… Telephone Radio Fax TV Mobile phone Newspaper E-mail Magazine Internet Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

4. Language in the Media(2) Boundaries are Blurring… Mass vs. Personal Written Spoken Face to Face Mediated * Internet communication =Hybride(Chrystal 2001) Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

5. Language in the Media(3) Mobile Phone Messaging (MPM) is internet connection rate: Japan(94.1%), and South Korea(89.0%) = CMC( computer mediated communication) Others(3rd USA,33.5%, 4th Austria, 28.2%) =SMS( short messaging service) Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 2005. Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

6. Language in the Media(4) Mobile Phone = a ‘Must’ Male: 96.9% in 20’s Female: 95.7% in 20’s Nomura Sogo Kenkyujo 2003. Joho tsushin riyosha doko no chosa. Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

7. Japanese Youth Today(1) 若者論　Wakamono-ron1970 – 2005 interpersonal relationship - Diluted Relationship (関係希薄化論) - Selective Relationship (選択的関係論) - Pluralistic Relationship (多元的関係論) Miyake 2005. Keitai denwa to wakamono no taijin kankei. Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

8. Japanese Youth Today(2) MPM creates... Intimacy Carried and used by the owner only Carried and used very close to the body with Distance One-way communication with time lag Non spontaneous communication with revisability Miyake 2005. Keitai denwa to wakamono no taijin kankei. Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

9. Linguistic Patterns of MPM F1 08:10　おはぁ　　　　もしくみこたちが無理でもお昼一緒　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　に食べない?? F2 08:12　そぉね 　　昨日の続きをゆっくり聞こうぢゃないの F1 08:14 ありがとぅ 　今メールがきてさぁ…マジ泣きたくなって きたぁ 　　 １限とかやる気なくなるよぉ F2 08:17　末期だゎ思い詰めすぎちゃダメょ後でね～” Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

10. Transcription & Translation A1 08:10 ohâ moshi kumiko-tachi ga muri demo ohiru isshoni tabenai ?? [morning shall we have lunch together even if kumiko and the others can’t make it ??] B2 08:12Sône kinô no tsuzuki o kikô ja naino [good idea how about telling me the rest of what happened yesterday] A3 08:14 arigatô ima mêru ga kitesâ…maji nakitakunattekitâ 1gen toka yaruki nakunaruyô. [thanks i’ve got another message just now… i feel like crying, seriously i don‘t feel like i have enough energy for a 1st period class or anything] B4 08:17 makki dawa omoi tsumecha dameyoatodene～　 　” [You’re terminaldon’t take it too seriously see you later～ 　　”] Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

11. Conversational Strategies(1) To elicit responses & expressinvolvement： • Final Particles: よ、ね、の • Ellipsis: structual particle が　and others • Interrogatives 　疑問形 • Exclamation marks　　感嘆符‘！’ • Slang, Youth language　パクッたよ　マジむかつく Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

12. Conversational Strategies(2) To create conversational effects： • Onomatopoeia: パンパンにしてやる • False starts: そ、それが･･･　　ま、まさか • Dialectal expression: そら、困るで～ • Archaic language & Baby talk: ～ござる　～しまひゅ • Coined expression:　かなり可です Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

13. Non-standard Orthography(1) ①おはぁ　→ おはあ → おはよう ‘Ohâ’ 　　‘Ohâ’　　　　 ‘Ohayô’ good morning ②末期だゎ　→　末期だわ 　‘makki dawa’ ‘makki dawa’ at a terminal stage Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

14. Non-standard Orthography(2) ① 聞こうぢゃないの　→　聞こうじゃないの　　　 Kikôjanaino’　　 　　　‘Kikôjanaino’ tell me about… ②そぉね →　そおね　→　そうね 　　 ‘Sône’　　 ‘Sône’　　　 ‘Sône’ good idea Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

15. Roles and functions of graphic signs(1) そっちは 何時まで？ What time does your (class) finish？ 飲み会、どうだった？ How was the (beer) drinking party？ Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

16. Roles and functions of graphic signs(2) それじゃぁいまから寝るね I’m going to bed, now かわいそうにぃ‥ I feel really sorry for you Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

17. Roles and functions of graphic signs(3) よろしくぅ Thank you ところで あしたの放課後ヒマ～？ By the way Are you free tomorrow afternoon？ Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

18. Graphic Signs １. Pictorial Signs: ２. Emoticons: (> _<) (^^) m(_ _)m 3.Symbols: ★◎　♪ Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

19. Frequency Distribution of Pictorial Signs Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

20. Frequency Distribution of Emoticons Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

21. Frequency Distribution of Symbols Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

22. Gyarumoji: Distorted Letters ありがとう Easy: ぁりか〃とぅ A little difficult: ぁりヵゞ`⊂ぅ Difficult: ぁﾚ)ヵゞ`⊂ぅ Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

23. Concludion：Empathy, Emotion and Context -Intimacy and distance -Meaning: Not clear, blurred & diluted -Context over Content Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University

24. References Crystal, David 2001. Language and the Internet. Cambridge University Press. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 2005. White paper: Infromation and Communications in Japan, Year 2004 Miyake, Kazuko 2000. Kêtai no gengo kôdô, higengo kôdô.[Linguistic and non-linguistic behaviours with mobile phones] Nihongogaku, 19-.12: 6-17 Miyake, Kazuko 2005. Keitai denwa to wakamono no taijin kankei.[Mobile phone and relationship managements of the young generation.] in Yoshiaki Hashimoto(ed.) Kôza shakai gengo kagaku 2, Media.[Series Sociolinguistic Sciences, 2. Media], 136-155. Hituzi shobo Nomura sôgô kenkyûjo 2003 jôhô tsûshin riyôsha no dôkô. [Cyber Life Observations], 13. Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University