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Any Network, Any Terminal, Anywhere

Any Network, Any Terminal, Anywhere. Andreas Fasbender and Frank Reichert Ericsson Reasearch Eckhard Geulen, Johan Hjelm. Introduction. In 3 to 5 years, 20 to 50 percent of all Internet nodes may be wireless

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Any Network, Any Terminal, Anywhere

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  1. Any Network, Any Terminal, Anywhere Andreas Fasbender and Frank Reichert Ericsson Reasearch Eckhard Geulen, Johan Hjelm

  2. Introduction • In 3 to 5 years, 20 to 50 percent of all Internet nodes may be wireless • Networks using IP technology with QoS negotiation capabilities for different services class will slowly replace traditional circuit-switched voice networks

  3. Introduction • The wireless technologies will provide global coverage offering : • A few hundred kb/s on a wide-area level • A few Mb/s within locally restricted island • Future mobile-aware services will : • Create an added value for mobile users • Open completely new possibilities for network operators,ISPs,and 3th-party service providers

  4. Mobile Applications and Terminals • Accessing e-mail and messaging system is convenient • Web access is less attractive because : • Bandwidth limitations • Delay constraints of today’s cellular network • Prices for long Web sessions are prohibitive for end-user

  5. Mobile Applications and Terminals • With the rise of packet-oriented cellular networks combined with low price indoor networks, users will be able to stay online as long as they wish • The operator will be able to offer service profiles to adjust to user needs, to develop better services, and to raise revenue

  6. Mobile Terminals • The mobile market has changed dramatically within the past 10 years • A variety of smart-phones and personal digital assistants(PDAs) have appeared on the market—provide both computing and communication capabilities

  7. Mobile Terminals • Mobile devices have inherent restrictions with respect to their : • Man-machine interfaces • On-board memory • Battery • Processing capabilities

  8. Typical device capabilities

  9. Mobile Applications • All OS for handhelds now provide a TCP/IP protocol stack allowing application to access suitable access network • Many popular applications have hundreds of features—need to extend research in mobile man-machine-interface

  10. Advanced Mobile Systems • Give some impressions on how next-generation networks should take shape with respect to service provisioning facilities and APIs • Design Requirements • The ACTS OnTheMove Prototype

  11. Design Requirements • Network Independence • Transport Optimization • Terminal Independence • Applications Support Services • Application Programming Interface

  12. Network Independence • Services must be available to end users irrespective of the current access network • Circuit-switched network: • GSM , D-AMPs , DECT • Lower-bandwidth packet-switched bears: • SMS , CDPD , GPRS • Higher-bandwidth carriers : • Wireless LANs , WCDMA

  13. Network Independence • IP will provide the unifying glue for the increasingly heterogeneous, ubiquitous, and mobile environment • Sophisticated network monitoring and control facilities will be needed • A set of function calls used to acquire and to release network resources will be needed

  14. Transport Optimization • New technologies in the fixed network–ADSL and gigabit routing • The bottleneck of end-to-end communication between mobile clients and fixed network will remain at the air interface

  15. Transport Optimization • Future transport architectures and protocols will have to: • Take full advantage of available bandwidth • Provide optimized data delivery • Offer error detection, recovery, and retransmission mechanisms

  16. Terminal Independence • One of the cornerstones of future advanced mobile systems will lie in the provision of capability negotiation and storage facilities in the network • Terminal information will be accessible by service provider

  17. Applications Support Services • The success of new network technologies is driven by applications • Mobile data will better sell with mobile-specific applications • Personalized services will have an even higher impact in mobile environments • e.g. the success of short-message-service

  18. Applications Support Services • Alerting mechanisms will be implemented • Deliver notifications to mobile users about time-critical event in their information spaces • A variety of services will pop up that use access to a user’s location information

  19. Application Programming Interface • Introducing IP technology in mobile environment now makes it possible to adopt the successful client-server model • The mobile API grants access to commonly used functions needed for building mobile-aware services

  20. Application Programming Interface • A terminal’s location can be gathered using a variety of mechanisms • The information is available for application developers through a standardized function call using an agreed upon data format

  21. The ACTS OnTheMove Prototype • System overview • Network Independence • Content Adaptation • Thin Clients

  22. System Overview • The ACTS OnTheMove project has prototyped and field-trailed a service platform for mobile computing • This Mobile Application Support Environment(MASE) is built around the concepts of awareness, adaptation, and abstraction

  23. System Overview • All MASE services are accessible through a mobile API realized in Java • The MASE ensures seamless and transparent service access, independent of the access network and the mobile device • A data base residing in the network, containing : • User profile, device characteristics, network conditions, user preferences

  24. Mobile Gateway • MGs(mobile gateways) can be installed as mediators or proxy agents anywhere between the wireless and fixed network infrastructures • Hold main parts of the profile database or provide an interface to it • Offers service access to authorized applications

  25. Network Independence • MASE protocol architecture is located on the content service of the information service provider and on the MG • MG acting as a mediator between the information server on the fixed network and the mobile client, containing a leightweight version of the MASE

  26. MASE protocol stack

  27. Physical architecture of MASE

  28. Network Independence • Roaming between circuit-switched GSM, multi-slot DECT, wireless LAN, and Ethernet was realized using an enhanced mobile IP implementation • A change of the active network device without noticeable disruption of transport and application services is generally possible

  29. Content Adaptation • The MASE holds a hierarchically organized profile database • The central component of the OnTheMove system architecture is the system adaptability manager(SAM)— • Responsible for profile management • Performing the multimedia conversion

  30. Thin Clients • Introducing an intelligent gateway in the mobile network has major advantages for small handheld devices • Caching and prefetching facilities should be provided by the network rather than residing in the mobile—to support disconnected operations and fast information updates

  31. Thin Clients • The OnTheMove MASE and application prototpes on Windows CE PDAs demonstrated how thin clients can best be supported by middleware facilities • The reuse of middleware facilities in different applications is the main benefit of the MASE approach

  32. Wireless Application Protocol • The wireless application protocol(WAP) is a new and powerful industry standard • Integrate mobile telephony and the Internet • Developed and promoted by the WAP Forum • Providing Web content and advanced services to cellular subscribers

  33. WAP overview • Run globally across differing wireless transports: • SMS(short message service) • USSD(unstructured supplementary service data) • IS-136(American standard) • CDPD(cellular digital packet data) • PDC(Japanese personal digital cellular)

  34. WAP overview • Content and applications are envisaged to scale over a range of device types such as mobile phones,pagers,and PDAs • The Wireless Application Environment (WAE) follows the client-server model from the World Wide Web

  35. WAP protocol stack

  36. WAP overview • WAP gateway is added as a central interface between the Internet and the wireless world • Client requests to the Internet are simply forwarded to the origin server • Converse from HTML into the Wireless Mark-up Language (WML)

  37. WML • Offers a lightweight HTML representation • WMLScript provides the lightweight procedural scripting language • Wireless telephony application(WTA) and its interface(WTAI) provide the access and the programming interface to telephony services

  38. WAP Evaluation • The WAP provides a scalable and extensible platform both with respect to the wireless networks and to the client devices supported • Frames do not scale very well for presentation on small ASCII phone displays, and WML cards do not work well on color PDAs

  39. WAP Evaluation • WAP works independently of the underlying wireless network • But it does not provide any monitoring and roaming features and does not support automatic service adaptation • For true mobile multimedia support some extensions and refinements to the current WAP specifications will be necessary

  40. WAP Conclusions • WAP is the first concept that unites the mobile voice and data market around a common platform • It is the short-term enabler for mobile data communication in cellular environments • It will be crucial that WAP define a set of Java APIs

  41. The Next-Generation HTTP • HTTP-NG has been been submitted to the IETF as an Internet draft • HTTP-NG is an object-oriented messaging framework with a multiplexing transport

  42. HTTP-NG stack

  43. HTTP-NG overview • The HTTP-NG’s respects: • Reduce the traffic on the network • Decreasing the number of TCP connections • Minimizing round trip times • The Classical Web Application(TCWA) has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of surfing the web using HTTP-NG

  44. HTTP-NG overview • TCWA uses the HTTP-NG framework to define a traditional HTTP 1.1 Web server and browser • Proxies have been part of the Web architecture • Proxy translate between different transports and data formats, to preserve a global information space

  45. HTTP-NG Evaluation • Currently, the HTTP-NG only exists in laboratory implementations • The W3C conducted a series of tests of HTTP-NG over a mobile service • We believe that it should be possible to optimize HTTP-NG to a much higher degree than HTTP 1.1, due to its object-oriented nature

  46. HTTP-NG Conclusions • The deployment of HTTP-NG will depend on both application developers and device manufacturers • The W3C is working within the IETF, and with the WAP Forum, to achieve as broad a deployment in the wireless industry as possible

  47. Mobile Station Execution Environment • The Mobile Station Execution Environment(MExE) is the name of ETSI SMG’s project team targeting GSM’s evolution toward a client/server architecture • A dynamic and open architecture within the mobile station(MS) and subscriber identity module(SMI) is required

  48. MExE overview • The basic idea is to specify a terminal-independent execution environment on the client(MS+SIM) for non-standardized applications and to implement a mechanisms • Allows the negotiation of supported capabilities

  49. MExE overview • MExE services will be available from— • Traditional GSM nodes • IN nodes • Operator-specific nodes • Operator-franchised nodes • Service provider nodes • These nodes constitute the MExE service environment

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