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HDM-4 Road User Costs Model Version 2.00 Rodrigo Archondo-Callao February 18, 2010

HDM-4 Road User Costs Model Version 2.00 Rodrigo Archondo-Callao February 18, 2010. http://worldbank.org/roadsoftwaretools/. HDM-4 RUC Model Version 2.00. Motorcycle Small Car Medium Car Light Delivery Vehicle Four Wheel Drive Light Truck Medium Truck Heavy Truck Articulated Truck

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HDM-4 Road User Costs Model Version 2.00 Rodrigo Archondo-Callao February 18, 2010

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  1. HDM-4 Road User Costs Model Version 2.00Rodrigo Archondo-CallaoFebruary 18, 2010 http://worldbank.org/roadsoftwaretools/

  2. HDM-4 RUC Model Version 2.00

  3. Motorcycle Small Car Medium Car Light Delivery Vehicle Four Wheel Drive Light Truck Medium Truck Heavy Truck Articulated Truck Light Bus Medium Bus Heavy Bus Twelve Vehicles Types

  4. Road User Costs Components • Fuel • Lubricant oil • Tire wear • Crew time • Maintenance labor • Maintenance parts • Depreciation • Interest • Overheads • Passenger time • Cargo holding time Vehicle Operating Costs Time Costs Accidents Costs New Emissions New

  5. Vehicle Speed and Physical Quantities Road and Vehicle Characteristics Vehicle Speed Unit Costs Physical Quantities Road User Costs

  6. Physical Quantities Component Quantities per Vehicle-km Fuel liters Lubricant oil liters Tire wear # of equivalent new tires Crew time hours Passenger time hours Cargo holding time hours Maintenance labor hours Maintenance parts % of new vehicle price Depreciation % of new vehicle price Interest % of new vehicle price

  7. Free-Flow Speeds Model • VDRIVEu and VDRIVEd = uphill and downhill velocities limited by gradient and used driving power • VBRAKEu and VBRAKEd = uphill and downhill velocities limited by gradient and used braking power • VCURVE = velocity limited by curvature • VROUGH = velocity limited by roughness • VDESIR = velocity limited by safety and speed limit enforcement Free speeds are calculated using a mechanistic/behavioral models and are a minimum of the following constraining velocities.

  8. VDRIVE DriveForce Grade Resistance Air Resistance Rolling Resistance - Driving power- Operating weight- Gradient- Density of air- Aerodynamic drag coef.- Projected frontal area- Tire type- Number of wheels - Roughness- Texture depth- % time driven on snowcovered roads- % time driven on watercovered roads

  9. VCURVE VCURVE is calculated as a function of the radius ofcurvature. VCURVE = a0 * R ^ a1 R = Radius of curvature R = 180,000/(*max(18/ ,C)) C = Horizontal curvature a0 and a1 = Regression parameters

  10. Speed Flow Model To consider reduction in speeds due to congestion, the “three-zone” model is adopted. Speed (km/hr) Car Pickup Bus Truck Sult Flow PCSE/hr Qnom Qo Qult

  11. Traffic Flow Periods To consider different levels of traffic congestion at different hours and days during a year, HDM-4 evaluates different traffic flow periods for which different hourly flows are applicable Flow Periods Flow Peak Nextto Peak Mediumflow NexttoLow Overnight Number of Hours in the Year

  12. Fuel Model • Based on ARRB ARFCOM model • Predicts fuel use as function of power usage

  13. Congestion Modelling

  14. Maintenance Parts Consumption Maintenance parts consumption function of roughness and age of the vehicle

  15. Capital Costs • Comprised of depreciation and interest costs • HDM-4 uses ‘Optimal Life’ method, in which vehicle service life is a function of roughness, or constant life method

  16. Road Safety • HDM-4 model estimates road safety costs of: • Fatal accidents • Injury accidents • Damage only accidents • HDM-4 RUC model follows the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP) methodology and estimates road safety costs of: • Fatalities • Persons with Serious Injuries

  17. iRAP Methodology • User defines vehicle fleet fatality rate in number per 100 million vehicle-km • User defines vehicle fleet serious injury rate per 100 million vehicle-km • Cost per fatality computed function of GDP per capita (default: GDP per capita multiplied by 70) • Cost per serious injury computed function of cost per fatality (default: 25% of fatality cost) International Road Assessment Programme methodology (iRAP). http://irap.net/

  18. Emissions Model • Road characteristics • Traffic volume/congestion • Vehicle technology • Hydrocarbon • Carbon monoxide • Nitrous oxides • Sulphur dioxide • Carbon dioxide • Particulates • Lead Fuelconsumption

  19. RUC Comparison Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km

  20. RUC Composition Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km

  21. RUC Roughness Sensitivity

  22. RUC Roughness Sensitivity

  23. RUC Roughness Sensitivity 6.0 IRI = 0.22 US$ per vehicle-km2.0 IRI = 0.21 US$ per vehicle-kmSaving = 0.01 US$ per vehicle-kmAADT = 3,000 vehicles/day=> 1,095,000 vehicles/yearSaving = 10,850 US$ per year per km

  24. Fuel Consumption and Speed Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km

  25. CO2 Emissions and Speed Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km

  26. Fuel Consumption and Roughness Speed function of roughness

  27. CO2 Emissions and Roughness Speed function of roughness

  28. Road Software Tools Website • HDM-4 Road User Costs Model Version 2.00 available for download at: http://worldbank.org/roadsoftwaretools/

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