Evidence and Citation

1. Evidence and Citation Objective: Today we will learn how to integrate evidence and properly cite sources. WRITE this at the top of a new page in your Cornell Notes!! Integrate: (verb) make into a whole or make part of a whole

2. AGENDA this week Tuesday, October 15 : Evidence integration revision Wednesday, October 16: Computer lab G108 – turnitin.com training and formatting training. Thursday, October 17: Revision or work on descriptive outlining Friday, October 18: ESSAYS DUE.

3. Importance It is important to use evidence: To support your arguments To add credibility to your arguments To avoid being accused of plagiarism CFU: which reason is most important to you? Why should you use evidence in your essay?

4. Concept Development • In order to support your thesis and the arguments that your topic sentences make, you need to find evidence. • This evidence proves that your argument is indeed correct.

5. Concept Development • The evidence that you used came mostly from the articles that we read in class. • In order to take ideas from these articles, there are two methods: • Direct Quotation • Paraphrasing

6. Concept Development 1. Direct Quotation • If you find a sentence from the text that concisely states the point that you want to make then just copy the sentence directly from the article. • YOU SHOULD USE DIRECT QUOTATION WHEN THE SENTENCE IS SHORT. • But don’t forget to acknowledge the author for saying it first, so you can use one of the following sentence frames to do so.

7. Concept Development Sentence Frames for Quotation: • X states, “…” • According to X in the article …., “…” • In X’s view, “…” • X agrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” In addition to mentioning the author and the title of their work, at the end of the sentence put the author’s name and the page or paragraph number in parenthesis (author name p. 3) to show where the quote came from.

8. Example Original Quote: “If you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Using one of the sentence frames on your Guided Practice sheet, try to properly cite this quote on your own. DON’T FORGET TO PUT AUTHOR’S NAME AND PARAGRAPH NUMBER : (Greenhouse p. 25)

9. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: X agrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb, agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive people when he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

10. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: X agrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb, agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive people when he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

11. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: X agrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb, agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive peoplewhen he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

12. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: Xagrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb, agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive peoplewhen he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

13. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: Xagrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb,agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive people when he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

14. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: Xagrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb,agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive people when he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

15. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: Xagrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb,agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive people when he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

16. Original Quote: “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too,” said Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from Orland Park, a Chicago suburb. Sentence Frame: Xagrees with (a person or idea) when s/he writes, “…” My version: Matthew Sheehey, a high school senior from a Chicago suburb,agrees with Abercrombie’s methods in hiring only attractive people when he states, “if you see an attractive person working in the store wearing Abercrombie clothes, it makes you want to wear it, too”(Greenhouse p. 25).

17. Concept Development 2. Paraphrasing • Paraphrasing is great when you want to use the ideas the author communicates over a long piece of writing but you don’t want to waste space in your own paper by directly quoting them. • Paraphrasing basically means to take what the author says and put it into your own words. Even though you are changing their words around, you are still taking the author’s idea, so remember to give credit where credit’s due! (Greenhouse 23) • Paraphrase when there’s a long quote.

18. Concept Development We can use many of the same sentence starters that we did with Direct Quotation. In addition, here are some different sentence frames for saying “the author says”: The author believes The author comments The author declares The author explains The author notes The author reports The author confirms The author points out

19. Example Original Quote: Stephen J. Roppolo, a New Orleans lawyer who represents many hotels and restaurants, said: “Hiring someone who is attractive isn’t illegal per se. But people’s views on what’s attractive may be influenced by their race, their religion, their age. If I think Caucasian people are more attractive than African-American people, then I may inadvertently discriminate in some impermissible way. I tell employers that their main focus needs to be hiring somebody who can get the job done. When they want to hire to project a certain image, that’s where things can get screwy.” Now you attempt to make a paraphrased version

20. Example Original Quote: Stephen J. Roppolo, a New Orleans lawyer who represents many hotels and restaurants, said: “Hiring someone who is attractive isn’t illegal per se. But people’s views on what’s attractive may be influenced by their race, their religion, their age. If I think Caucasian people are more attractive than African-American people, then I may inadvertently discriminate in some impermissible way. I tell employers that their main focus needs to be hiring somebody who can get the job done. When they want to hire to project a certain image, that’s where things can get screwy.” My version: Stephen J. Roppolo, a lawyer who represents many restaurants and hotels, points out that even though hiring by looks isn’t technically illegal, employers should still focus on hiring people with skills because they might accidentally discriminate against certain groups of people if they hire by looks.

21. Skill Steps 1. Find a quote that gives you the evidence to support your topic sentence. 2. Decide if you will directly quote or paraphrase. 3. Use the sentence frames to get the quote or paraphrase ready for your paper. 4. Make sure the author’s name is mentioned and that the page or paragraph number is noted at the end of the quote or paraphrase.

22. GUIDED PRACTICE NOW YOU TRY! Use your guided practice worksheet.

23. Closure: Why do you need evidence from the articles in your essay? Why is it important to cite your evidence in your essay? How do you decide whether to quote or paraphrase?

24. Now, use this to improve your essay. Think about the article “Looks Matter” that you read with the substitute on Monday. Is there any evidence in that article that you could use to strengthen your essay? Find a piece of evidence and quote or paraphrase it, using the appropriate sentence frame and citation.