Bellwork Day 1

1. Bellwork Day 1 • Describe the structure seen on the board. What do you know about this structure?

3. Big Idea for DNA Unit • What is the structure of DNA, and how does it function in genetic inheritance?

4. Introduction to DNA • Focus Question: How did scientists determine that DNA is responsible for storing, copying, and transmitting genetic information? • Standard HB4: TSWDU of specific mechanism by which characteristics or traits are transferred from one generation to the next via genes.

5. DNA, RNA and Proteins

6. DNA Genetic Material • Mendel showed that traits are passed from parent to offspring. • Genetics: Instructions for how genes are inherited.

7. Genesare made up of segments of DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid. • DNA is the primary material that causes recognizable, inheritable characteristics in related groups of organisms.

8. Guided Practice • Complete a flow chart using the provided text set to build background knowledge of scientists/experiments related to DNA. • We will discuss/talk from our notes in a few minutes.

9. Experiments related to DNA • To truly understand genetics, scientists realized they had to discover the chemical nature of the gene. • If the molecule that carries genetic information could be identified, it might be possible to understand how genes control the inherited characteristics of living things.

10. Griffith • Experiment • Harmless bacteria transformed into bacteria that can cause disease • Results • Chemical factor that changed bacteria • Transformation: one type of bacteria changed permanently into another

11. Avery • Experiment • Removed carbs, lipids, & proteins from heat killed disease causing bacteria • Wanted to determine which molecule was most important in transformation • Results • DNA was transforming factor (molecule that changed bacteria)

12. Hershey and Chase • Experiment • Wanted to determine which part of bacteriophage entered cell • Labeled nucleic acids in viruses with P32 • Results • Molecules that viruses inject are nucleic acids • Genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.

13. Guided Practice • Complete graphic organizer by close reading and taking notes to determine: What is the role of DNA in heredity?

14. Role of DNA

15. Role of DNA

16. Role of DNA

17. Role of DNA

18. Role of DNA

19. Role of DNA

20. Role of DNA

21. Role of DNA

22. Role of DNA

23. Independent Practice • Vocabulary cards will be completed. • Text sets are available at the front of the classroom if you need help finding some terms. ***Remember vocabulary is a key component to understanding material covered in this unit.*** Vocabulary terms are due tomorrow at the beginning of class. Complete for homework if you do not have time to complete in class today.

24. Exit Slip • What are the 3 functions of DNA? • Why is each function of DNA important to living things?

25. Bellwork Day 2 • What are the 3 key roles of DNA? In what ways is DNA like a book?

26. Role of DNA

27. Guided Practice • Doodle definitions will be checked for completion. • In small groups, you will practice using your vocabulary to complete a card sort.

28. Chemical Components of DNA • Focus Question: How was the basic structure of DNA discovered? • Standard HB4: TSWDU of specific mechanism by which characteristics or traits are transferred from one generation to the next via genes.

29. Guided Practice • Using your text sets, close read and take notes to determine contributions made by scientists to solve DNA structure. • We will discuss and talk from our notes.

34. Close Read to answer these questions…. • What are the chemical components of DNA? • What is the shape of the DNA structure? How many strands of nucleotides are present? • Describe the Base Pair Rule in detail.

35. What are the chemical components of DNA? • DNA is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds. • DNA is composed of four nucleotide subunits: • Each nucleotide has the same five carbon sugar molecule and phosphate group but different nitrogenous bases: • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Thymine

36. Information in DNA • Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine (T&C) • Purines: Adenine and Guanine (G&A) • DNA is in the shape of a spiral stair case/ double helix of two complementary strands of nucleotides.

37. Base Pairing Rule • A always binds with T • G always binds with C • So A=T and G=C • Purine always binds to pyrimidine • Watson, Franklin and Crick discovered 3D model .

38. Chargaff’s observation • A = T • G = C • Base pair rule

39. Base Pair Rule

40. Base Pair Rule

41. Base Pair Rule

42. Base Pair Rule

43. Base Pair Rule

44. Guided Practice • Based on what you know about the Base Pair Rule, complete the chart on your handout to determine percentages.

46. Video • Amoeba Sisters to summarize

47. Independent Practice • Draw, label and explain a strand of DNA including the nucleotide subunits, base pairing and complementarity of the strands.

48. Test your Knowledge… 3. If 20% of a DNA’s strand contains Thymine, then: A. it also has 80% Guanine B. it also has 50% Cytosine C. it also has 80% Adenine D. it also has 20% Adenine 4. What type of sugar is found in DNA? A. Phosphorous B. Thymine C. Ribose • Deoxyribose 5. List the 3 basic parts of a DNA nucleotide. D. Deoxyribose 1. These are 2 examples of nucleic acids: A. Chloroplasts & Mitochondria B. Carbohydrates & Lipids C. DNA & RNA D. Nucleus & Ribosomes 2. DNA holds the instructions for making: A. Energy B. Proteins C. Carbon dioxide D. Deoxyribose

49. Exit Slip (Socrative?) • How was the basic structure of DNA discovered? Describe discoveries by scientists discussed today.

50. Bellwork Day 3 • Describe a nucleotide. • What is the base pair rule? • Complete DNA structure coloring, if you haven’t already done so.