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TABU-day | University of Groningen | June 6th 2008 Against PathP in Dutch

TABU-day | University of Groningen | June 6th 2008 Against PathP in Dutch Kees de Schepper Radboud University Nijmegen Optimal Communication. Three PP-types in Dutch. a. Jan loopt op de berg [preposition] ‘John walks on the mountain’

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TABU-day | University of Groningen | June 6th 2008 Against PathP in Dutch

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  1. TABU-day | University of Groningen | June 6th 2008 Against PathP in Dutch Kees de Schepper Radboud University Nijmegen Optimal Communication

  2. Three PP-types in Dutch a. Jan loopt op de berg [preposition] ‘John walks on the mountain’ b. Jan loopt de berg op[postposition] ‘John walks up the mountain c. Jan loopt om de berg heen[circumposition]‘John walks around the mountain’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 2

  3. Post- and circumpositions a. Postposition b. Circumpositionde berg opom de berg heen ‘up the mountain’ ‘around the mountain’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 3

  4. Prepositions and FP a. Preposition stacking b. Directional prepositiontotin de winkel naar de winkel ‘well into the store’ ‘to the store’ (Koopman 2000, Helmantel 2002, den Dikken to appear) “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 4

  5. Overview • Universality of PathP • Postpositions • Circumpositions • Preposition stacking • Directional prepositions • Conclusions “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 5

  6. Universality of PathP Proposed universal projections for PPs a. [V [Dir [Loc [N ] ] ] ] walk from under table(van Riemsdijk & Huijbregts 2001) “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 6

  7. Early Indo-European Early IE Ps were adverbs, see Sanskrit prati ‘among’ (Whitney 1913):a. gacchet kadācit svajanaṁ(ACC) prati ‘One day she might go among her own people’ b. gacchet kadācit svajanāt(ABL) prati ‘One day she might go from among her own people’ c. [[V [N-Dir]] Loc] Dir is close to N and Loc is on top of V→ [V [Dir [Loc [N] ] ] ] is not universal “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 7

  8. Postpositions Dutch postpositions: a. Point locativesin, op, binnen in on insideb. Path locativesdoor, over, langs, voorbij, uit, omthrough over along past out around “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 8

  9. Circumpositions Path meaning is not in particlea. Er zat een strikje om de boom heen ‘There was a ribbon around the tree’ b. Er zat een strikje om de boom ‘There was a ribbon around the tree’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 9

  10. Circumpositions some particles never bring path-reading a. om/door/overde boomheen ‘around / through / over the tree’ b. *naast / *in / *opde boomheen ‘along beside / in / on the tree’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 10

  11. Preposition stacking a. circumposition[PP over[DP de muur]] (heen) ‘over the wall’ b. preposition stacking[PP (tot)[PP over[DP de muur]]] ‘over the wall’ Path meaning may be in inner P “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 11

  12. Preposition stacking Comparing the outer Ps: a. circumposition ([[P DP] P]) → heen, toe, vandaan, weg, meeto to from away with → cannot take DP complement b. preposition stacking ([P [P DP]]) →tot, van, voorto from for→ can take DP complement “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 12

  13. Why does it move? a. Preposition stacking b. Circumpositiontotoverde muur over de muur heen ‘over the wall’ ‘over the wall’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 13

  14. Status of the particle particle in circumpositions may be an adjuncta. [PP’ [PP om[DP de boom]] [XP heen]] ‘around the tree’ b. [DP’ [DP de man] [XP zelf]] ‘the man himself’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 14

  15. naar and toe Directional preposition naar:a. Jan is naar de winkel (toe) gelopen ‘John walked to the store’ b. Jan is er naar *(toe) gelopen ‘John walked to it’ c. *[PathP [XP er] [Path’ naar]] ← no R-pronoun in spec,PathP d. [PathP [PP [XP er] [P’ naar]] [Path’ toe]] (Helmantel 2002) “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 15

  16. naar and toe Not limited to R-words:a. Jan nam de verantwoordelijkheid op zich‘John took full responsibility’ b. Jan trok de verantwoordelijkheid naar zich (*toe)‘John took on the responsibilty’ c. Ik sprong op ‘m ‘I jumped on him’ d. Ik sprong naar ‘m (*toe)‘I jumped toward him’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 16

  17. naar and toe a. Die boom, daar is Jan IN / *in geklommen ‘Into that tree John has climbed’ → with directional PPs stress on PP b. Die boom, daar heeft Jan *IN / in geklommen ‘In that tree John has clambered around’ → with locational PPs stress on verb “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 17

  18. naar and toe a. Stapte Jan OP of NAAST het podium? ‘Did John step onto the stage or beside it?’ b. Stapte Jan OP (/*NAAR) of *VAN het podium? ‘Did John step onto (/to) the stage or off it?’ c. Stapte Jan het podium OP of AF? ‘Did John step onto the stage or off it?’ → naar and van cannot be stressed “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 18

  19. naar and toe → with directional PPs stress on PPs→ naar and van cannot be stresseda. Jan is er *NAAR/naarTOEgelopen ‘John walked to it’ b. Jan is er *VAN/vanAFgesprongen ‘John jumped off it’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 19

  20. Conclusions • PathP is not universal • DPs in postpositions do not move to get a path interpretation • Particles in circumpositions are not inherently directional • Preposition stacking is just preposition stacking • Ungrammaticality of directional ernaar can be accounted for without appealing to PathP • There is no PathP in Dutch “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 20

  21. Thank you

  22. den Dikken, Marcel. to appear. On the functional structure of locative and directional PPs. In: G. Cinque & L. Rizzi (eds), The cartography of prepositional phrases. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. Helmantel, Marjon. 2002. Interactions in the Dutch adpositional domain. Ph.D. diss., Leiden University/ULCL. Koopman, Hilda. 2000. Prepositions, postpositions, circumpositions and particles: The structure of Dutch PPs. In Hilda Koopman (ed.), The syntax of specifiers and heads. London: Routledge; 204–60. Riemsdijk, Henk van & Riny Huybregts. 2001. Location and locality. Ms., Tilburg University. Whitney, William Dwight. 1913. A Sanskrit grammar : including both the classical language, and the older dialects, of Veda and Brahmana. Boston: Ginn.

  23. case a. een maal een koning waardig ‘a meal fit for a king’ b. de weg de berg op ‘the road up the mountain’ “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 23

  24. case a. met, tot, (af) - prepositionsb. mee, toe, af - intransitive Ps - verb particles - R-pronouns (cf. *de winkel heen vs. daarheen) - postpositions “Against PathP”, de Schepper 2008 Slide 24

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