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Cell Vocabulary

Cell Vocabulary. Unit 4. 1. Ribosomes - Protein producing organelles ; decode genetic material to assemble amino acids into proteins. 2. Mitochondria - Energy producing organelles ; contain inner

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Cell Vocabulary

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  1. Cell Vocabulary Unit 4

  2. 1. Ribosomes- Protein producing organelles; decode genetic material to assemble amino acids into proteins.

  3. 2. Mitochondria- Energy producing organelles; contain inner membranes (cristae) which increase surface area to allow for more ATP production.

  4. 3. Chloroplast- Specialized structures within plant cells that allow for photosynthesis to occur.

  5. 4. DNA- Genetic makeup which codes for all life, leads to cell specialization and expression of genetic traits (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

  6. 5. Nucleus- Control center of the cell.

  7. 6. Plasma Membrane- Phospholipid bilayer surrounding all cells, allows for semi-permeability and homeostasis.

  8. 7. Cell Wall- Surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells; made of a rigid carbohydrate, cellulose, which maintains support and structure.

  9. 8. Organelles- Specialized structures in a cell that carry out the cell’s internal processes.

  10. 9. Eukaryotic Cell- A cell containing a true nucleus.

  11. 10.Prokaryotic Cell-A cell that does not have a true nucleus.

  12. 11. Cell- The basic unit of life; makes up all living organisms.

  13. 12. Sperm Cell- Male sex cell.

  14. 13. Vacuole- Organelles that take in excess water in a cell through the process of osmosis; larger in plant cells due to additional water intake.

  15. 14. Differentiation- Occurs when a less specialized cell is transformed into a more specialized cell.

  16. 15. Plant Cell- Eukaryotic cell containing membranebound organelles in addition to a cell wall and chloroplasts.

  17. 16. Muscle Cell- Cell that composes muscles, complete with many mitochondria and myofibrils for contraction.

  18. 17. Nerve Cell- Sends electrical and chemical signals that allow for communication and connections to be made.

  19. 18. Stem Cells- Cells that have not yet differentiated (embryonic and adult) and may become one of many different tissue types.

  20. 19. Blood Cell- Only cell in the body with no nucleus or DNA.

  21. 20. Animal Cell- Eukaryotic cell containing membrane-bound organelles without a cell wall or chloroplasts.

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