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PCI-DSS And Target: What Went Wrong Michael Haney CS 7493, Fall 2014

PCI-DSS And Target: What Went Wrong Michael Haney CS 7493, Fall 2014. The Payment Card Industry. Card Brands: Visa, MC, AmEx, Discover, JCB Merchants (Retailers) Banks, Processors, Gateways, and Acquirers Security Standards Council (SSC) The Standards: DSS PA-DSS PTS HMS P2PE.

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PCI-DSS And Target: What Went Wrong Michael Haney CS 7493, Fall 2014

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  1. PCI-DSS And Target:What Went WrongMichael HaneyCS 7493, Fall 2014

  2. The Payment Card Industry • Card Brands: Visa, MC, AmEx, Discover, JCB • Merchants (Retailers) • Banks, Processors, Gateways, and Acquirers • Security Standards Council (SSC) • The Standards: • DSS • PA-DSS • PTS • HMS • P2PE

  3. Compliance Process • 3-year standards cycle • Previous version: v2.0 released October 2010 • Current version: v3.0 released October 2013 • Merchant Levels • Level 1 – 4, based on size, unless you’re breached. • Who to report to? • ROC, AOC, and SAQ • QSAs, ASVs, QIRs, ISAs, etc., etc. • Breaches and Compliance

  4. Verify Your QSA https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/approved_companies_providers/verify_qsa_employee.php • Employee of Member in good standing • Annual Training • Annual Fees Paid ($1500 per person) • Suspended if reports fail QA review process externally. • Revoked if caught “hacking”. • Mine expired yesterday

  5. Target and Trustwave • Trustwave is (was) Target’s QSA. Individuals were assigned the Target account to perform the annual testing and audit. • Target Stores were compliant with PCI-DSS (v2.0) and had submitted a ROC to their acquirers annually. Most recent in September 2013. • 12 requirements, many sub-requirements, many specific sub-sub-requirements must be evaluated by observation, interview, screenshots, and testing. • For example, an ASV scanned Target’s external IP addresses quarterly and reported on any vulnerabilities. • All medium and high-risk vulns must be addressed (per Requirement 11.2, 11.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.2.3)

  6. Target Breach Timeline, Part 1

  7. Target Breach Timeline, Part 2

  8. Target Breach Timeline, Part 3

  9. Target Breach Timeline, Part 4 • Between December 2 and December 15: • CC’s and mag stripe data is sent from POS in all Target stores to central servers for “staging” • Additional customer information database is pilfered • Hacker group begins exfiltrating data to several world-wide hosting sites, eventually to Odessa, Ukraine • Only uploaded data manually, via FTP between 10am and 6pm CST. • Over 2 weeks, 11GB are uploaded

  10. Target Breach Malware Identified • BlackPOS sold on crime market for $1800 • POSWDS on ThreatExpert (pulled down) • Virustotal.com reports “30503 POS malware from FBI source” – in June, 2013. • Modified and referred to as BladeLogic with specific servers and username/passwords in Target environment: “Best1_user” with pw: “BackupU$r” • Servers include \\TTCOPSLI3ACS\ and \\TCMPSPRINT04P\ . • UserIDs of hackers include “Rescator” and “Crysis1089”

  11. Target Breach Timeline, Part 5

  12. Target Breach Timeline, Part 6

  13. Target Breach Timeline, Part 7

  14. A Closer Look at PCI-DSS 12 Requirements • Requirement 1: Firewalls • 1.1 • 1.1.6 • 1.1.7 • 1.2 • 1.2.1 • 1.3 • 1.3.5 • Requirement 2: Vendor-supplied Defaults • 2.1 • Requirement 3: Protect Storage of Cardholder Data • 3.1 • 3.2 • 3.2.3 • 3.4 • Requirement 5: Protect systems against malware • 5.1 • 5.1.1 • 5.2 • 5.3 • Requirement 7: Restrict access to business need-to-know • 7.1 • 7.1.2 • 7.2

  15. A Closer Look at PCI-DSS 12 Requirements • Requirement 10: Track and monitor all access • 10.1 • 10.2 • 10.2.2 • 10.2.4 • 10.6 • 10.6.1 • Requirement 8: Identify and authenticate access • 8.1 • 8.1.1 • 8.1.2 • 8.1.5 • 8.3 • 8.5 • 8.7 • Requirement 11: Regularly test security systems • 11.3 • 11.4 • 11.5 • Requirement 12: Maintain a policy • 12.5 • 12.5.2 • 12.5.3 • 12.5.5 • 12.8 • 12.8.4 • 12.10 • 12.10.5

  16. Could Anything Have Prevented This? • EMV and Chip-and-PIN cards • How they work: use encryption on the card. • Use time factor to prevent replay. • Counterfeiting cards is much harder • PIN requires “something you know” as 2-factor. • But clever hackers will find another way • Memory-scraping is hard to prevent • Fully complying with PCI-DSS would have prevented several stages of this attack

  17. Questions?

  18. References • Verify a QSA: https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/approved_companies_providers/verify_qsa_employee.php • PCI statement about the Target breach (December 20): https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/news_events/statements/2013_12_20.php • Breach announced (December 19): http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/12/target-hack-hits-40-million/http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/12/secret-service-investigating-alleged-credit-card-breach-at-target/ • POS Malware identified (January 16): http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/01/a-first-look-at-the-target-intrusion-malware/ http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/01/a-closer-look-at-the-target-malware-part-ii/ • Target Breach Used Stolen Vendor Access Credentials (January 30, 2014) http://www.govinfosecurity.com/target-breach-credentials-stolen-a-6452 http://www.informationweek.com/security/attacks-and-breaches/target-hackers-tapped-vendor-credentials/d/d-id/1113641 http://www.zdnet.com/target-traces-security-breach-to-stolen-vendor-credentials-7000025780/ http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9245877/Target_says_attackers_stole_vendor_credentials?taxonomyId=17 http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/01/target-hackers-may-have-exploited-backdoor-in-widely-used-server-software/ http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/01/new-clues-in-the-target-breach/ • Target and Neiman Marcus Executives Testify at Senate Committee Hearing (February 4 & 5, 2014) http://www.govinfosecurity.com/target-neiman-marcus-differ-on-emv-a-6472 http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/senators-grill-target-cfo-after-massive-credit-card-data-hack-n22131 http://www.scmagazine.com//retailers-testify-before-senate-judiciary-committee-push-chip-cards/article/332868/ http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246070/Target_and_Neiman_Marcus_execs_defend_security_practices?taxonomyId=17 • Target Attackers Phished for HVAC Company Network Access Credentials (February 12 & 13, 2014) http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/02/email-attack-on-vendor-set-up-breach-at-target/ http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/02/epic-target-hack-reportedly-began-with-malware-based-phishing-e-mail/ http://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2014/02/heres-how-hackers-stole-110-million-americans-data-target/78740/?oref=ng-channeltopstory http://www.zdnet.com/how-hackers-stole-millions-of-credit-card-records-from-target-7000026299/ • CIO Beth Jacob resigns (March 6): http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246773/Target_CIO_resigns_following_breach?taxonomyId=17 • Target was warned of breach (March 13): http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-03-13/target-missed-alarms-in-epic-hack-of-credit-card-data • Target and the FTC, may face federal charges (March 20): http://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2014/03/target-could-face-federal-charges-failing-protect-customer-data-hackers/80824/?oref=ng-channelriver • Banks sue Target and Trustwave (March 26): http://www.scmagazine.com/banks-file-class-action-against-target-and-trustwave-over-massive-breach/article/339760/ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/03/26/banks_lob_sueball_at_trustwave_target/ • Target Breach Illustrates Value of Limiting Exfiltration (April 2, 2014) http://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/operation-stop-the-exfiltration/d/d-id/1171947? • Chip-and-PIN and EMV cards: http://www.scmagazine.com/mastercard-visa-to-push-emv-nfr-calls-for-use-of-pins/article/338019/

  19. References (1) • Verify a QSA: https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/approved_companies_providers/verify_qsa_employee.php • Breach announced (December 19): http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/12/target-hack-hits-40-million/http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/12/secret-service-investigating-alleged-credit-card-breach-at-target/ • PCI statement about the Target breach (December 20): https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/news_events/statements/2013_12_20.php • POS Malware identified (January 16): http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/01/a-first-look-at-the-target-intrusion-malware/ http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/01/a-closer-look-at-the-target-malware-part-ii/

  20. References (2) • Target Breach Used Stolen Vendor Access Credentials (January 30, 2014) http://www.govinfosecurity.com/target-breach-credentials-stolen-a-6452 http://www.informationweek.com/security/attacks-and-breaches/target-hackers-tapped-vendor-credentials/d/d-id/1113641 http://www.zdnet.com/target-traces-security-breach-to-stolen-vendor-credentials-7000025780/ http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9245877/Target_says_attackers_stole_vendor_credentials?taxonomyId=17 http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/01/target-hackers-may-have-exploited-backdoor-in-widely-used-server-software/ http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/01/new-clues-in-the-target-breach/ • Target and Executives Testify at Senate Committee Hearing (February 4 & 5, 2014) http://www.govinfosecurity.com/target-neiman-marcus-differ-on-emv-a-6472 http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/senators-grill-target-cfo-after-massive-credit-card-data-hack-n22131 http://www.scmagazine.com//retailers-testify-before-senate-judiciary-committee-push-chip-cards/article/332868/ http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246070/Target_and_Neiman_Marcus_execs_defend_security_practices?taxonomyId=17

  21. References (3) • Target Attackers Phished for HVAC Company Network Access Credentials (February 12 & 13, 2014) http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/02/email-attack-on-vendor-set-up-breach-at-target/ http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/02/epic-target-hack-reportedly-began-with-malware-based-phishing-e-mail/ http://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2014/02/heres-how-hackers-stole-110-million-americans-data-target/78740/?oref=ng-channeltopstory http://www.zdnet.com/how-hackers-stole-millions-of-credit-card-records-from-target-7000026299/ • CIO Beth Jacob resigns (March 6): http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246773/Target_CIO_resigns_following_breach?taxonomyId=17 • Target was warned of breach (March 13): http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-03-13/target-missed-alarms-in-epic-hack-of-credit-card-data

  22. References (4) • Target and the FTC investigation, may face federal charges (March 20): http://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2014/03/target-could-face-federal-charges-failing-protect-customer-data-hackers/80824/?oref=ng-channelriver • Banks sue Target and Trustwave (March 26): http://www.scmagazine.com/banks-file-class-action-against-target-and-trustwave-over-massive-breach/article/339760/ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/03/26/banks_lob_sueball_at_trustwave_target/ • Target Breach Illustrates Value of Limiting Exfiltration (April 2, 2014) http://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/operation-stop-the-exfiltration/d/d-id/1171947? • Chip-and-PIN and EMV cards: http://www.scmagazine.com/mastercard-visa-to-push-emv-nfr-calls-for-use-of-pins/article/338019/

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