Bethan W. Jones Principal Speech & Language Therapist Prif Therapydd Iaith a Lleferydd

1. Bethan W. Jones Principal Speech & Language Therapist Prif Therapydd Iaith a Lleferydd

2. SLI Provision through the medium of Welsh Darpariaeth AIP trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg

3. SLI Specific Language Impairment AIP Anhwylder Iaith Penodol

4. What is SLI? Beth yw AIP?

5. Communication entails giving and receiving messages. It requires a speaker & a listener. There are many skills involved in sucessful communication. Mae cyfathrebu yn ddibynnol ar rhoi a derbyn negeseuon. Mae angen siaradwr a gwrandawr. Er mwyn cyfathrebu yn llwyddianus mae angen meistroli nifer o sgiliau. What is Communication?Beth yw Cyfathrebu?

6. What is Communication?Beth yw Cyfathrebu? SYNIAD! IDEA! “Darllen rhwng y llinellau” “Reading between the lines” Dewis a Dweud Geiriau Choose and Say Words Deall Brawddegau Understand Sentences Deall Geiriau Understand Words Dewis a Dweud Brawddegau Choose and Say Sentences Cofio - Côf Remember - Memory Siarad yn glir Speak Clearly Gwrando a Thalu Sylw Listening and Attention Siarad yn Addas Speak Appropriately Edrych Look Deall Iaith “Y Gwrandawr” Understanding Language “The Listener” Mynegi Iaith “Y Siaradwr” Expressive Language “The Speaker” Beth yw Cyfathrebu? Y Gadwyn Gyfathrebu What is Communication? The Communication Chain Beth yw Cyfathrebu? Y Gadwyn Gyfathrebu What is Communication? The Communication Chain Beth yw Cyfathrebu? Y Gadwyn Gyfathrebu What is Communication? The Communication Chain SYNIAD! IDEA! SYNIAD! IDEA! SYNIAD! IDEA! “Darllen rhwng y llinellau” “Reading between the lines” “Darllen rhwng y llinellau” “Reading between the lines” Dewis a Dweud Geiriau Choose and Say Words “Darllen rhwng y llinellau” “Reading between the lines” Dewis a Dweud Geiriau Choose and Say Words Dewis a Dweud Geiriau Choose and Say Words Deall Brawddegau Understand Sentences Deall Brawddegau Understand Sentences Deall Brawddegau Understand Sentences Dewis a Dweud Brawddegau Choose and Say Sentences Dewis a Dweud Brawddegau Choose and Say Sentences Deall Geiriau Understand Words Dewis a Dweud Brawddegau Choose and Say Sentences Deall Geiriau Understand Words Deall Geiriau Understand Words Cofio - Côf Remember - Memory Cofio - Côf Remember - Memory Siarad yn glir Speak Clearly Cofio - Côf Remember - Memory Siarad yn glir Speak Clearly Siarad yn glir Speak Clearly Gwrando a Thalu Sylw Listening and Attention Gwrando a Thalu Sylw Listening and Attention Gwrando a Thalu Sylw Listening and Attention Siarad yn Addas Speak Appropriately Siarad yn Addas Speak Appropriately Edrych Look Siarad yn Addas Speak Appropriately Edrych Look Edrych Look Deall Iaith “Y Gwrandawr” Understanding Language “The Listener” Mynegi Iaith “Y Siaradwr” Expressive Language “The Speaker” Deall Iaith “Y Gwrandawr” Understanding Language “The Listener” Mynegi Iaith “Y Siaradwr” Expressive Language “The Speaker” Deall Iaith “Y Gwrandawr” Understanding Language “The Listener” Mynegi Iaith “Y Siaradwr” Expressive Language “The Speaker” Y Gadwyn Gyfathrebu wedi ei addasu o ‘The Communication Chain’ -Elklan (Elks & McLaughlan) 2006 Adapted from ‘The Communication Chain’ -Elklan (Elks & McLaughlan) 2006 Y Gadwyn Gyfathrebu wedi ei addasu o ‘The Communication Chain’ -Elklan (Elks & McLaughlan) 2006 Adapted from ‘The Communication Chain’ -Elklan (Elks & McLaughlan) 2006 Y Gadwyn Gyfathrebu wedi ei addasu o ‘The Communication Chain’ -Elklan (Elks & McLaughlan) 2006 Adapted from ‘The Communication Chain’ -Elklan (Elks & McLaughlan) 2006

7. Language – difficulties with one or more components of the chain. Impairment – inability to develop language skills at the same rate or same order as peers. Specific – language is the primary difficulty; and it’s not caused by learning difficulty or hearing impairment. Iaith – anhawster gydag un neu fwy o elfennau’r gadwyn. Anhwylder – nid yw iaith yn datblygu ar yr un pryd a’i gyfoedion, nac yn yr un drefn. Penodol – iaith yw’r brif broblem; ac nid yw’n cael ei achosi gan anabledd dysgu na diffyg clyw. SLI AIP

8. Pan ofynnwyd i mi wneud cyflwyniad ar AIP a phlant Cymru Cymraeg, teimlais “Pam fi?”, be’ dwi’n ei wybod am y peth. Ond wedi meddwl, sylweddolias fy mod yn gwybod tipyn am y maes. When I was first asked to present on SLI and welsh speaking children I wondered “Why me?”, what do I know about it. When I thought about it I realised that, actually I did know something about it.

9. Have worked in Language Resource Centres in Wales for 19 years, therefore with SLI children for 19 years. Am currently clinical lead for SLI in BCUHB (West). Dwi wedi gweithio mewn Canolfannau Iaith yng Nghymru ers 19 mlynedd. Ar hyn o bryd fi yw arweinydd clinegol AIP ym BIPBC (Gorllewin)

10. Upon more thought I decided to look for the research on Welsh & SLI. So I duly put “specific language impairment” & “Welsh” into a search engine. And found……… NOT A LOT Wedi meddwl pendefynais chwilio am yr ymchwil ar AIP a’r Gymraeg. Felly fe wnes i “rhoi anhwylder iaith penodol” a “Cymraeg” i fewn i chwiliwr gwe. A dod o hyd i…… DDIM BYD LLAWER

11. I had more luck when searching for SLI and bilingulism. More research is being done in this field now, but I found very little that I could use today. Cefais mwy o hwyl wrth chwilio am AIP a dwyieithrwydd. Mae fwy o ymchwil rwan yn cael ei wneud yn y maes yma, ond nid oeddwn wedi gallu dod o hyd i unrhywbeth defnyddiol ar gyfer heddiw.

12. The research I’ve found suggests that bilingual SLI children tend to have predominantly syntax and morphology difficulties. Mae’r ymchwil dwi wedi dod o hyd iddo yn awgrymu bod gan plant AIP dwyieithog anawsterau syntacteg a morffolegol yn bennaf.

13. My personal experience is that Welsh SLI children have the full range of SLI difficulties, similar to their English speaking counterparts. That they are no different. Yn fy mhrofiad personol i, mae gan plant AIP Cymraeg yr holl anawsterau AIP â sydd gan eu cyfoedion Saesneg. Nid ydynt yn wahanol.

14. They have just as many semantic [content] pragmatic [use] syntactic [structure] lexical phonological [sounds] difficulties as their English counterparts. Mae ganddynt gynifer o anawsterau semanteg [cynnwys] pragmateg [defnydd] syntacteg [strwythyr] geiriol ffonolegol [synnau] a’u cyfoedion Saesneg.

15. I observe/assess at their: Attention skills Listening skills Play skills Social competence Social use of language/pragmatic skills Ability to name nouns within the class theme Ability to name verbs within the class theme Concept use [theme] Short Term Memory skills – digit & sentence recall Blank style screening tool [theme] And I complete an AFASIC checklist Regardless of what language they speak. Dwi yn asesu/arsylwi eu: Sgiliau talu sylw Sgiliau gwrando Sgiliau chwarae Sgiliau cymdeithasol Defnydd o iaith gymdeithasol/sgiliau pragmatig. Gallu i enwi geirfa o fewn thema’r dosbarth. Gallu i enwi berfau o fewn thema’r dosbarth. Defnydd o gysyniadau [thema] Sgiliau cof tymor byr – cofio rhifau a brawddegau Asesiad scrinio Blank [thema] Rhestr wirio AFASIC Mae hyn yn berthnasol pa bynnag iaith maent yn siarad

16. Dim ond pan ydwyf yn asesu eu : • Sgiliau ffonolegol • Sgiliau syntactig • Y byddaf yn talu sylw i’r iaith maent yn ei siarad a’r rheolau sy’n rheoli ym mha drefn mae geiriau o fewn brawddeg, a sut a pha seiniau sy’n cael eu defnyddio o fewn geiriau. It’s only when I assess at their : • Phonological skills • Syntactic skills will I pay heed to the language they speak and the consequent rules that govern word order in sentences, and how & what sounds are used in words.

17. Welsh SLI children are just as likely to : Have comprehension difficulties Have word finding difficulties Use jargon Omit verbs from their sentences Use telegrammatic sentences Have memory deficits As their English speaking counterparts. Mae plant AIP Cymraeg r’un mor debygol o : Gael anawsterau dealltwriaeth Gael anwsterau dwyn geiriau i gof Defnyddio jargon Peidio defnyddio berfau o fewn eu brawddegau Defnyddio brawddegau telegramatig Cael diffygion cof A’u cyfoedion Saesneg

18. One of the challenges that I face is with resources. There are far many more English than Welsh resources. Luckily Black Sheep are producing Welsh resources for Speech & Language Therapy. Bangor University have developed a Welsh vocabulary assessment. Some Welsh phonology assessments have also been developed- CWLWM & AFfGaM. Un sialens dwi’n ei wynebu yw diffyg adnoddau. Mae yna lawer mwy o adnoddau Saesneg na Chymraeg. Yn ffodus mae Black Sheep yn cynhyrchu adnoddau Therapi Iaith a Lleferydd Cymraeg. Mae Prifysgol Bangor wedi creu asesiad geirfa Cymraeg. Mae sawl asesiad ffonoleg wedi cael eu creu megis CWLWM ac AFfGaM.

19. Across BCUHB the provision for welsh SLI children varies. Some are seen in Language Resources. Some are seen in mainstream schools. Ar draws BIPBC mae’r ddarpariaeth ar gyfer plant AIP Cymraeg yn amrywio. Mae rhai yn cael eu gweld o fewn Canolfannau Iaith. Mae rhai yn cael eu gweld o fewn ysgolion prif-lif.

20. The provision can include: Training for school staff Training for parents Mae’r mewnbwn yn gallu cynnwys: Hyfforddiant i staff yr ysgol Hyfforddiant rhieni

21. The future Y dyfodol