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Mycotoxins 101 Mycotoxins: Triple Threat to African Development 14 February 2013 Washington, DC

Mycotoxins 101 Mycotoxins: Triple Threat to African Development 14 February 2013 Washington, DC. Robert E. Brackett, Ph.D. IIT Vice President and Director Institute for Food Safety and Health Illinois Institute of Technology. What are mycotoxins?.

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Mycotoxins 101 Mycotoxins: Triple Threat to African Development 14 February 2013 Washington, DC

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  1. Mycotoxins 101Mycotoxins: Triple Threat to African Development 14 February 2013 Washington, DC Robert E. Brackett, Ph.D. IIT Vice President and Director Institute for Food Safety and Health Illinois Institute of Technology

  2. What are mycotoxins? • Mycotoxins are toxic chemicals (secondary metabolites) produced by molds

  3. What are molds?

  4. Microorganisms Viruses Bacteria 0.02-.2 µm 0.5 - 5 um Protists Fungi 2- 10 µm* 10-20+ µm

  5. Microorganisms Viruses Bacteria 0.02-.2 µm 0.5 - 5 um Fungi Protists 2- 10 µm 10-20 µm

  6. Molds • Growth • Low moisture • Wide Range of pH • Mesophilic (25~40°C; 77~104°F) and Psychrotrophic (can grow 0 ~7°C) • Most aerobic • Significance • Spoilage • Sanitation Index • Health Issues • Produce Foods

  7. Major Mycotoxins of Concern

  8. Major Mycotoxins Ochratoxin A Aspergillusochraceous Penicillium spp. Trichothecenes[Vomitoxin (DON)] Fusariumgraminearum Aflatoxins Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus parasiticus Fumonisins Fusariumverticillioides Zearalenone (F-2 Toxin) Fusarium graminearum

  9. Toxicity of Major Mycotoxins

  10. Why be Concerned About Mycotoxins as a Global Food Safety Issue?

  11. Why are mycotoxins important? Usually ingested in contaminated foods and feeds.

  12. Why are mycotoxins important? Usually ingested in contaminated foods and feeds. Most are not destroyed in normal cooking procedures.

  13. Why are mycotoxins important? Usually ingested in contaminated foods and feeds. Most are not destroyed in normal cooking procedures. They can cause cancer, birth defects, liver damage, and nervous tissue damage, etc.

  14. Why are mycotoxins important? Usually ingested in contaminated foods and feeds. Most are not destroyed in normal cooking procedures. They can cause cancer, birth defects, liver damage, and nervous tissue damage, etc. Usually no treatment for mycotoxin poisoning

  15. Why are mycotoxins important? Usually ingested in contaminated foods and feeds. Most are not destroyed in normal cooking procedures. They can cause cancer, birth defects, liver damage, and nervous tissue damage, etc. Usually no treatment for mycotoxin poisoning Significant economic and trade issue.

  16. Why are mycotoxins important? Usually ingested in contaminated foods and feeds. Most are not destroyed in normal cooking procedures. They can cause cancer, birth defects, liver damage, and nervous tissue damage, etc. Usually no treatment for mycotoxin poisoning Significant economic and trade issue. ~25% of food crops affected by mycotoxigenicmolds* Global losses of foodstuffs due to mycotoxins are in the range of 1 billion tons per year* *FAO

  17. Why are mycotoxins important? Usually ingested in contaminated foods and feeds. Most are not destroyed in normal cooking procedures. They can cause cancer, birth defects, liver damage, and nervous tissue damage, etc. Usually no treatment for mycotoxin poisoning Significant economic and trade issue. Globalpublic health and economic problem

  18. Acknowledgements • UW Food Research Institute Staff • Jae-Hyuk Yu • Chuck Czuprynski

  19. Thank you!

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