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Marriage

“‘For the Lord God of Israel says that He hates divorce , for it covers one’s garment with violence,’ says the Lord of hosts.” Malachi 2:16. Marriage. Re marriage?. Definitions. Generic modern definitions:. Merriam-Webster, Wordnet , Wikipedia; etc.

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Marriage

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  1. “‘For the Lord God of Israel says that He hates divorce, for it covers one’s garment with violence,’ says the Lord of hosts.” Malachi 2:16

  2. Marriage Remarriage?

  3. Definitions Generic modern definitions: • Merriam-Webster, Wordnet, Wikipedia; etc. Some highlights of the modern view of divorce: • A disunion (bond-breaking) of legally-marriedpeople • Is the breaking of a legal marriagecontract • Involves formal, legal action • Results in permanentseparation of legal association Divorce

  4. Definitions Generic modern definitions: • Merriam-Webster, Wordnet, Wikipedia; etc. Specific modernlegal definitions: [application] • South Carolina Legislature • U.S. constitution does not provide legislation • regarding marriage/divorce; a state-level issue Divorce

  5. Definitions Remember: Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, and legal codes do not create word definitions; rather, they reflect what is common usage of the day. Therefore, if we desire to analyze a word in its context, it helps if we understand that word’s origins and meaningatthetimeitwasused. Divorce

  6. Definitions Generic modern definitions: • Merriam-Webster, Wordnet, Wikipedia; etc. Specific modernlegal definitions: [application] • South Carolina and other state Legislature Generic Bible definitions: • Old Testament [Hebrew] • Strong’s Exhaustive Bible Concordance • divorce, divorced, “put away” = 4 Hebrew words Divorce

  7. Definitions Generic modern definitions: • Merriam-Webster, Wordnet, Wikipedia; etc. Specific modernlegal definitions: [application] • South Carolina and other state Legislature Generic Bible definitions: • Old Testament [Hebrew] • New Testament [Greek] • Thayer’s Greek Lexicon • divorce(-s)(-d), dismiss, put away = 3 Greek words Divorce

  8. Thayer’s Greek Lexicon: “divorce(-s) (-d)”; “put away”; “dismiss”{verb}: (1) - apolyo (15x): set free; let go, dismiss, (detain no longer); give a petitioner leave to depart; to bid depart, send away; to let go free, release; to give a captive leave to depart; to acquit one accused of a crime and set him at liberty; to release a debtor; to dismiss from the house, repudiate (divorce); to send one’s self away, depart: “…to put her away secretly” [Matt 1:19] “whoever divorces his wife” [Matt 5:31, 32(2x)] “a man to divorce his wife” [Matt 19:3, 8, 9(2x)] “and to put her away” [Matt 19:7] “to divorce his wife” [Mark 10:2, 11, 12] “and to dismiss her” [Mark 10:4] “whoever divorces his wife” [Luke 16:18 (2x)]

  9. Thayer’s Greek Lexicon: “divorce” {verb}: (2) - aphiemi (3x): to bid going away or depart; of a husband divorcing his wife; to send forth, to yield up, expire; let go, let alone, let be; to disregard; to give up a debt, forgive, remit; to keep no longer; to permit, allow, not to hinder, to give up a thing to a person; to leave, go away from one; to depart from one and leave him to himself so that all mutual claims are abandoned; to desert wrongfully; to go away leaving something behind; to leave one by not taking as a companion; abandon, leave destitute: “a husband is not to divorce his wife” [1 Cor 7:1] “let him not divorce her” [1 Cor 7:12] “let her not divorce him” [1 Cor 7:13]

  10. Thayer’s Greek Lexicon: “(certificate of) divorce” {noun}: (3) - apostasion (3x): divorce, repudiation; abill of divorce “give her a certificate of divorce” [Mt 5:31] “to give a certificateofdivorce” [Mt 19:7] “to write a certificate of divorce” [Mark 10:4]

  11. Definitions Generic modern definitions: • Merriam-Webster, Wordnet, Wikipedia; etc. Specific modernlegal definitions: [application] • South Carolina and other state Legislature Some highlights of the biblical view of divorce: Generic Bible definitions: • Dis-union (“putting away”) of husband [N.T.] or wife • O. T. Hebrew and N. T. Greek word meanings • Involves legal, formal action – “a certificate of divorce” • Usually seen as negative: desert, abandon, adultery Divorce

  12. Definitions Generic modern definitions: • Merriam-Webster, Wordnet, Wikipedia; etc. Specific modernlegal definitions: [application] • South Carolina and other state Legislature Generic Bible definitions: • O. T. Hebrew and N. T. Greek word meanings Specific Bible definitions: [application] • Deut. 24:1-4 Divorce

  13. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 [NKJV*] (1) When a man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some uncleanness in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, andsends her out of his house, (2) when she has departed from his house, and goes and becomes another man’s wife, (3) if the latter husband detests her andwrites her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, andsends her out of his house, orifthe latter husband dies who took her as his wife,

  14. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 [NKJV*] (4) then her former husband who divorced her must not take her back to be his wife after she has been defiled; for that is an abomination before the Lord, and you shall not bring sin on the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

  15. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • When ALL “When/If” parts exist, the “Then” applies Definitions Divorce

  16. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 Protasis – the “IF” portion of this proposition • IF: “a man takes a wife and marries her” [1] • ANDIF: “it happens…she finds no favor in his eyes”[1] • ANDIF: “he writes her a certificate of divorce”[1] • ANDIF: “[he] puts it in her hand”[1] • ANDIF: “[he] sends her out of his house”[1] • ANDIF: “[she] goes and becomes another man’s wife”[2] • ANDIF: “the latter husband detests her”[3] • ANDIF: “[he] writes her a certificate of divorce”[3] • ANDIF: “[he] puts it in her hand”[3] • ANDIF: “[he] sends her out of his house”[3] • ANDIF: “OR IF the latter husband dies”[3] Definitions Divorce

  17. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 Apodosis – the “THEN” portion of this proposition • THEN: “her former husband who divorced her must • not take her back to be his wife after she has • been defiled; for that is an abomination before • the Lord, and you shall not bring sin on the • land which the Lord your God is giving you as • an inheritance.” [4] *KJV, ASV and some other translation traditions have missed the protasis/apodosis relationship in Dt 24:1-4 Definitions Divorce

  18. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • When ALL “When/If” parts exist, the “Then” applies • IF a man divorces his wife, and IF she marries and IF • she is divorced by 2nd, THEN 1st cannot take her back Definitions Divorce

  19. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • Passage does not permit (approve of) divorce, • nor does it permit (approve of) 2nd marriage • KJV, ASV traditions imply permission because of • ignoring the protasis/apodosis relationship Definitions Divorce

  20. Deuteronomy 24:1-2 [ASV] (1) When a man taketh a wife, and marrieth her, then it shall be, if she find no favor in his eyes, because he hath found some unseemly thing in her, that heshall write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house. (2) And when she is departed out of his house, she may go and be another man's [wife]. Permission to divorce is implied in v. 1; Permission to marry another man is implied in v. 2 Incorrect!! See Malachi 2:16

  21. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • Passage does not permit (approve of) divorce, • nor does it permit (approve of) 2nd marriage • KJV, ASV traditions seem to imply this because of • ignoring the protasis/apodosis relationship • At best, passage implies “tolerance” of divorce • At best, passage “presumes” 2nd marriage for woman • and implies “tolerance” of that 2nd marriage Definitions Divorce

  22. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • Passage does not permitdivorce, 2nd marriage • Passage therefore simply regulates what to do • after a divorce/remarriage situation has arisen • compare 1 John 1:8 – 2:1 • Done to “protect” the woman, deter divorce • Done to avoid bringing sin, abomination on the land Definitions Divorce

  23. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • Passage does not permitdivorce, 2nd marriage • Passage therefore simply regulatesdivorcees • Passage doesn’t give specificreason for divorce • The nature of the divorce is not focus of the passage • Resulting problems(sin!) of divorce is the focus Definitions Divorce

  24. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • Passage does not permitdivorce, 2nd marriage • Passage therefore simply regulatesdivorcees • Passage doesn’t give specificreason for divorce • The nature of the divorce is not focus of the passage • Reason given is “someuncleanness in her” [24:1] • cp. 23:14; same expression = turns God away • cannot be adultery[22:13-14, 20-21 – DEATH!] • by Jesus’ day, “for just any reason” [Matt. 19:3] Definitions Divorce

  25. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • Passage does not permitdivorce, 2nd marriage • Passage therefore simply regulatesdivorcees • Passage doesn’t give specificreason for divorce • Other considerations of the passage: • Use of Hebrew “baal” – “to possess, govern, marry” • verb form used in 24:1 for first marriage only • noun form used in 24:4 for first husband only • “possession” is aspect of first marriage, husband Definitions Divorce

  26. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulationof divorce • Passage describes a “WHEN”(“IF”) situation • Passage does not permitdivorce, 2nd marriage • Passage therefore simply regulatesdivorcees • Passage doesn’t give specificreason for divorce • Other considerations of the passage: • Use of Hebrew “baal” – “to possess, govern, marry” • A look into the legal “process” of divorcement • 1) writing a bill of divorcement; 2) giving it into the • wife’s hand; 3) sending her out of man’s house Definitions Divorce

  27. Definitions Generic modern definitions: • Merriam-Webster, Wordnet, Wikipedia; etc. Specific modernlegal definitions: [application] • South Carolina and other state Legislature Generic Bible definitions: • O. T. Hebrew and N. T. Greek word meanings Specific Bible definitions: [application] • Deut. 24 is basis for O.T. regulation of divorce • Mt 5:31-32; 19:1-12; Mk 10:1-12; Jesus clarifies Divorce

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