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Chemistry

Chemistry. BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College. Dennis Anderson. Matter. Anything that takes up space and has mass. One Kind of Matter. Element. Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen. Earth’s crust. Human body. other. 8%. 7%. other. 10%. hydrogen (H). oxygen (O). 50%. 65%.

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Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Matter • Anything that takes up space and has mass

  3. One Kind of Matter Element Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen

  4. Earth’s crust Human body other 8% 7% other 10% hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) 50% 65% oxygen (O) silicon (Si) 26% aluminum (Al) 8% 18% carbon (C) calcium (Ca) 3% iron (Fe) 5%

  5. Compound Two or more elements combined together Carbon Dioxide Sodium Chloride Water

  6. Atom Minute particles that make up matter

  7. Molecule

  8. Proton Neutron Electron Atomic Model

  9. Subatomic Particles

  10. Atomic Number Number of Protons • Hydrogen = 1 • Carbon = 6 • Oxygen = 8

  11. Protons = Electrons

  12. Atomic Mass Number Number of Protons and Neutrons

  13. Hydrogen • Atomic Number = 1 • Atomic Mass Number = 1

  14. Hydrogen Atom

  15. First Energy Level First Energy Level Two Electrons Maximum

  16. Second Energy Level Second Energy Level Eight Maximum

  17. Third Energy Level Stable with Eight Electrons Third EnergyLevel

  18. Carbon • Atomic Number = 6 • Atomic Mass Number = 12

  19. 6+ 60 Carbon Atom

  20. Oxygen • Atomic Number = 8 • Atomic Mass Number = 16

  21. 8+ 80 Oxygen Atom

  22. Isotope An atom of an element with a different number of neutronsthan other atoms of the same element

  23. Isotopes of Carbon Each Carbon has 6 protons • Carbon 12 6 Neutrons • Carbon 13 7 Neutrons • Carbon 14 8 Neutrons • Carbon 15 9 Neutrons

  24. Atomic Weight Atomic Weight of Carbon = 12.01 Average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element Average Mass Numbers of Carbon 12,13,14 and 15

  25. Radioactive Isotopes • Break down at a constant rate • Half Life

  26. Uses for Isotopes • Carbon 14 for dating the age of skeletons • PET scan • Iodine isotope for thyroid studies • Cobalt isotope for cancer treatment

  27. Isotopes Used to Spot a Brain Tumor

  28. Carbon 14 used to determine the age of skeletons

  29. Sodium • Atomic Number = 11 • Atomic Mass Number = 23

  30. 11+ 120 Sodium Atom

  31. Chlorine • Atomic Number = 17 • Atomic Mass Number = 35

  32. 17+ 180 Chlorine Atom

  33. 17+ 180 11+ 120

  34. 11+ 120 Sodium IonNa+ Lost an Electron

  35. 17+ 180 Chloride IonCl- Gained an Electron

  36. Ion Formed by -Gaining electrons -Losing electrons An Atom or Molecule With a Charge

  37. Cl- Na+ Ionic Bond Chemical bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges

  38. Free Radical

  39. Antioxidant

  40. Hydrogen Atoms

  41. Electrons Shared

  42. Covalent Bond Formed by Sharing Electrons

  43. H H Covalent Bond

  44. Water is a Polar Molecule

  45. Water Dissolves

  46. Surface Tension

  47. Ice Floats

  48. High Specific Heat

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