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Plant Life Cycles

Plant Life Cycles. Chapter #2. Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office June 2002. What is a Life Cycle?. from the time a seed is planted until the time that a seed is produced. What are the Life Cycles?. Annuals, Biennials, & Perennials. Annual.

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Plant Life Cycles

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  1. Plant Life Cycles Chapter #2 Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office June 2002

  2. What is a Life Cycle? • from the time a seed is planted until the time that a seed is produced

  3. What are the Life Cycles? • Annuals, Biennials, & Perennials

  4. Annual • complete life cycle in one growing season • can be summer annuals (spring wheat, barley) or winter annuals (winter wheat)

  5. Biennials • require two growing seasons to produce seed • first season plant produces vegetation, second season seed (sugar beet, carrot)

  6. Perennials • indefinite growth, can produce seed annually (grasses, trees, shrubs, onion)

  7. What is a Seed? • package containing an embryo (miniature plant) and food • seeds are alive, need air

  8. What is Germination? • process where embryo changes to seedling (growing plant)

  9. What conditions are necessary for germination? 1) moisture 2) correct temperature 3) air 4) some seeds need light 5) some seeds need help (break seed coat [sunflower], remove a chemical from seed, heat, chill [winter wheat])

  10. What are Warm Season Crops? • soil temperature must be 70 degrees F or more for germination (corn, rice, cotton, melons)

  11. What are Cool Season Crops? • soil temp below 70 degrees F (wheat, barley, beets)

  12. How deep do seeds need to be planted? • the size of the seed determines • larger seed = deeper • corn = 4" • bluegrass = 1/4"

  13. Germination Process 1) seed absorbs water, swells 2) water activates enzymes which help digest stored food 3) root grows 4) shoot emerges (is now a seedling)

  14. What is vegetative growth? • plant produces food for itself • extra food is stored in roots, stems, etc.

  15. What is…? • when new stems are formed in grass plants Tillering (Stooling)? Jointing? • stems of grass plants elongate rapidly Respiration? • process how plants get energy from its stored food

  16. How is food stored in plants? • form of carbohydrates (sugars)

  17. How does respiration work? Food + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

  18. What factors can influence the rate of respiration? 1) high temps = high rate of respiration 2) high amounts of light = high rate 3) high amounts of water = high rate

  19. What is Photosynthesis? • process of converting water and carbon dioxide into food (sugar) and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and light • photosynthesis and respiration are opposite cycles

  20. What is Transpiration? • process of returning water to the air (in the form of gas) • 99% of water taken in by roots is transpired • Wilt = plant transpires more than it takes in

  21. What are Nutrients? • elements needed by plants to grow What are Macronutrients? • needed in large amounts • C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) • plants get C, H, O from air and water

  22. What are Primary Nutrients? Nutrients • N, P, K What are Secondary Nutrients? • Ca, Mg, S • needed less

  23. What are Micronutrients? • needed in small amounts, but essential • excess amounts are toxic • Fe, Bo, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Cl

  24. 16 Essential Nutrients • C H O P K N S Ca Fe Mg B Mn Cu Zn Cl Mo • An easy way to help remember essential nutrients is with the help of this sentence (each word or letter stands for each nutrient): C Hopkins Café Managed By Mine Cousin Clomo

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