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The Low Temperature Universe

The Low Temperature Universe. Roger Blandford Stanford SLAC KIPAC. Sun 6000 o. Rigel 11000 o. Hot Young Stars. AB7 120,000 o. Orion Nebula. Carinae 20-30,000 o. Centigrade Kelvin. 12 ft. 100 o Steam 373 o 0 o Ice 273 o

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The Low Temperature Universe

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  1. The Low Temperature Universe Roger Blandford Stanford SLAC KIPAC LTD-13

  2. Sun 6000o Rigel 11000o Hot Young Stars AB7 120,000o Orion Nebula • Carinae • 20-30,000o LTD-13

  3. Centigrade Kelvin 12 ft 100o Steam 373o 0o Ice 273o -269o Liquid Helium 4o -273o Coldest 0o 285 ft 273 ft Kelvin LTD-13

  4. Thermodynamics- It’s the law I Energy conserved II Disorder increases III Unattainable, zero temperature LTD-13

  5. Electromagnetic Waves 300,000 km per second! Energy ~ Frequency Wavelength Light, infrared radiation, radio waves, X-rays…. are all electromagnetic Electromagnetic waves comes in particles called photons LTD-13

  6. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  7. Gas Temperature Cold Slow molecules Hot Slow molecules LTD-13

  8. Sun 6000o Rigel 11000o Hot Young Stars AB7 120,000o Orion Nebula • Carinae • 20-30,000o LTD-13

  9. Brown dwarfs, planets and … Gliese 229B 1800K Uranus 50K Pluto 40K LTD-13

  10. LTD-13

  11. LTD-13

  12. LTD-13

  13. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  14. LTD-13

  15. LTD-13

  16. LTD-13

  17. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  18. M51 “Whirlpool Nebula” Herschel Hubble LTD-13

  19. LTD-13

  20. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  21. ALMA LTD-13

  22. Barnard 68 16 K LTD-13

  23. 293K HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS LTD-13

  24. 80K HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS LTD-13

  25. 4K HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS LTD-13

  26. Cryogenic Dark Matter Search 50 mK LTD-13

  27. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  28. Microwave Background QUaD WMAP 310K 2.7K 240K Planck LTD-13

  29. Neutron Stars …are very cold! 1 solar mass 10 km Superconductivity Superfluidity! LTD-13

  30. M87 – Virgo Cluster Six billion solar masses Ten billion km LTD-13

  31. Hawking Radiation Tiny Black Holes are Hot Big Black Holes are Cold LTD-13

  32. M87 – Virgo Cluster Six billion solar masses Ten billion km One billion, billionth K One photon per year! LTD-13

  33. The Universe is a Cool Place! LTD-13

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