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Topic #4 – The Nile Valley Chapter 2 Section 1

Topic #4 – The Nile Valley Chapter 2 Section 1. RAP : Look in your text book and write down 3 things you will learn in Chapter 2 Section 1 (pages 34-46). Chapter 2 Section 1 “The Nile Valley”. Topic #4 – The Nile Valley Chapter 2 Section 1. Settling the Nile

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Topic #4 – The Nile Valley Chapter 2 Section 1

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  1. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyChapter 2 Section 1 • RAP: Look in your text book and write down 3 things you will learn in Chapter 2 Section 1 (pages 34-46).

  2. Chapter 2 Section 1“The Nile Valley”

  3. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyChapter 2 Section 1 Settling the Nile • Between 6000 BC and 5000 BC, hunters and food gatherers moved into the region • The Nile is the world’s longest river (4,000 miles long) • River delta is the most fertile area • Surrounded by desert with Mediterranean Sea to north and the Red Sea to east (good for trade and protection…why?)

  4. The River People • Regular, gentle flooding made it easier for Egyptians to farm better and live more securely • Planted wheat, barley, and flax • Used irrigation systems to trap flood water and dug canals from the basins to the farm lands • Developed tools and methods to improve farming and lifestyle (ex- shadoof, surveying, papyrus) • Developed form of writing called hieroglyphics

  5. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyWIO • Answer the questions: • Page 39 – Geography skills #1 and #2 • Page 40 – Summarize • Page 42 - Identify

  6. Topic #4 – The Nile Valley RAP: Answer the Study Guide questions 1-5. Mini Quiz on Friday!

  7. A United Egypt • Villages united to form small kingdoms - later formed into larger kingdoms. • 3100 BC, the two kingdoms united under Narmer • Egypt would be ruled by 31 dynasties (empires or rulers) over a period of 2800 years • By 4000 BC, Egypt was made up of two large kingdoms: Lower and Upper Egypt

  8. A United Egypt • 3 main time periods: • Old Kingdom • Middle Kingdom • New Kingdom

  9. Early Egyptian Life Egypt’s Social Classes Pharaoh Priests and nobles Traders, artisans, shopkeepers, and scribes Farmers and Herders Unskilled Workers

  10. Family Life • Men: head of the family • Women: could own and pass on property, buy and sell goods, make wills, and obtain divorces (upper class women were in charge of temples and could perform religious ceremonies) • Few children went to school (daughters were taught household duties and boys learned farming or skilled trades)

  11. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyWIO • Read Chapter 2 section 1. • Answer Questions p 46, 1-6 only

  12. TOPIC #5 - The Old Kingdom Chapter 2 Section 2 RAP: Define the vocabulary

  13. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old KingdomChapter 2 Section 2 • 2600 BC-2300 BC • Egypt grew and prospered: built cities, expanded trade, and set up strong governments • Capital: Memphis • Pharaoh: his word is law!!!

  14. Why follow the Pharaoh? • People believed the unity of the kingdom depended on a strong leader. • The Pharaoh was the son of sun god Re. • Thought their pharaoh was a god on earth who controlled Egypt

  15. Egypt’s Religion • Worshipped many deities (gods) and believed they controlled nature and human activities (polytheistic!) • Important gods: Re, Hapi, Isis, and Osiris • Believed in life after death

  16. Egypt’s Religion (cont.) • Egyptians studied the Book of the Dead to get life after death • Embalming and mummification • Created first medical books which increased knowledge of the human body

  17. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old KingdomWIO *Write a step-by-step Comic Strip for “Making a Mummy”. Follow the directions according to the worksheet. *Use details from the text pages 49-50, “Life After Death”. *Include the following vocabulary words: deities, embalming, mummy.

  18. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Today’s RAP 1) Why did the pharaohs hold so much power? 2) Copy the chart and identify each of the following gods: (page 49) QUIZ ON FRIDAY!!! Chapter 2 Section 2

  19. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Pyramids • Protect and preserve bodies of dead pharaohs so they could move on to the afterlife. • Took thousands of people and many years to build. • Square base with entrance facing north! • Moved huge stone blocks sometimes 100’s of miles to Nile River and floated them to the building sites.

  20. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Pyramids (cont.) • Construction required great math skills • Base 10 number system • 365 day calendar • Geometry and fractions

  21. The Great Pyramidone of the “7 Wonders of the World” • Stands 500 feet high (size of a 48 story building) • 9 football fields wide • 2 million stone blocks, 2.5 tons each • No help from tools, beasts of burden, or even the wheel!

  22. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old KingdomWIO • Work on your comic strip for making a mummy! Due on Friday!! • Study for Mini Quiz Ch. 2.2 on Friday!!

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