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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Polymer made of monomers called nucleotides Nucleotides consist of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are two nucleic acids If the sugar is ribose the nucleic acid is RNA (ribonucleic acid)

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Nucleic Acids

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  1. Nucleic Acids • Polymer made of monomers called nucleotides • Nucleotides consist of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. • There are two nucleic acids • If the sugar is ribose the nucleic acid is RNA (ribonucleic acid) • If the sugar is deoxyribose the nucleic acid is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • Has atoms of elements C-H-O-N-P • Function: Store and transmit genetic information (heredity)

  2. Nucleic Acids

  3. DNA’s nitrogen bases

  4. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides shaped like a twisted ladder. The phosphate of on nucleotide bonds with the sugar of another nucleotide by strong carbon bonds forming the sides of a DNA ladder. Nitrogen bases bond to each other by weak hydrogen bonds forming the rungs (steps of the ladder).

  5. DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell. Since DNA controls cellular activity through coding for proteins, and it is in the nucleus, the nucleus is sometimes called the brain or control center of the cell.

  6. DNA • Is a double stranded twisted molecule that can look like a spiral staircse • has the code for making proteins which direct all the cell’s activities • Is made of DNA nucleotides • it is passed on to the next generation of cells so that the next cells can direct their activity • DNA is made by copying DNA by the process called REPLICATION • Replication happens in the nucleus

  7. Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Is a single strand copy of some of DNAs information made of RNA nucleotides • It is used to carry the protein code from the DNA (Where is DNA?) to the ribosomes (Where will you find ribosomes?) • it determines which amino acid is used and the order of the amino acids that make up the protein (What structure of a protein is the animo acid sequence?) • mRNA is made by making a partial copy of DNA with RNA nucleotides by the process called TRANSCRIPTION • Transcription happens in the ribosomes

  8. Transfer RNA (tRNA) • tRNA has 3 nitrogen bases on one end that code for a specific protein • The other end of tRNA has a specific amino acid attachedd tRNA Amino acid mRNA

  9. Also… • Nucleic Acids – molecules that store genetic information • Examples: DNA, RNA, (also ATP) • produced in nucleus – replication, transcription • Used to produce proteins, which express traits • Nucleotides – sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base • Build basic DNA nucleotides to show the parts

  10. Answer These Questions • P 37: 3 and 5 • P 45: 1 through 3

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