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Biomolecules: Understanding Digestion and Energy

Explore the different types of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins) and how they are broken down during the digestive process to provide energy for the body. Learn about the structure, function, and importance of these macromolecules.

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Biomolecules: Understanding Digestion and Energy

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  1. MACROMOLECULES • Describe in detail what you see in the diagram. (Minimum 3 sentences) The digestive process is occurring. In order for organisms to live and function they require energy. Eating and digesting food provides the body with chemical energy in the form of ATP.

  2. Biomolecules You are what you eat!

  3. Agenda • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Comparing biomolecues • Constructing glucose molecules

  4. CARBOHYDRATES • Carbohydrates

  5. Carbohydrates aka… Sugar Starch Carbs

  6. How does our body break down this bread?

  7. Breaks down into microscopic molecules Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide Monosaccharide Disaccharide

  8. Structure Sugar Many Polysaccharide

  9. Structure Sugar Two Di saccharide

  10. Structure Sugar One Monosaccharide

  11. Function • Provide QUICK energy to the body!

  12. Challenge: Explain what you think is happening here. (at least 3 sentences) Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide The diagram shows a picture of bread (starch). It also maps out the break down of carbohydrates from their most complex form (polysaccharide) to their least complex (monosaccharide). This process is called hydrolysis. Monosaccharide Disaccharide

  13. LIPIDS

  14. Breaks down into microscopic molecules Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

  15. LOOK FOR THE “E” Monomer: 3 fatty acids + glycerol

  16. Function • Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen (few oxygen) • Fat best method of STORING • forms cell membranes • Insulates nerve cells (myelin) • Insulates body (maintains homeostasis)

  17. How are complex carbohydrates formed and broken down?

  18. Dehydration Synthesis • Combining single compounds into a complex one by removing water monosaccharide + monosaccharide ----> disaccharide + water C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ----> C12H22O11 + H2O (Process forms disaccharides & polysaccharides)

  19. Challenge:Describe what you see (at least 3 sentences) This is an amino acid. It is the monomer for a protein. It contains C, H, O and N. It has 3 groups: an amino group, an R-group, and a carboxyl group. The R-group is considered a variant group because it changes.

  20. Proteins aka…. Whey Protein Meat Polypeptide Peanut butter

  21. Breaks down into microscopic molecules Polypeptide Meat Amino Acid Monomer: amino acid Polymer: polypeptide

  22. Monomer: Amino Acids • Contains C, H, O, N • 20 types • Has both hydrophobic & hydrophylic ends • Differ in R-group • R-group can be acidic, basic or neutral • Makes polypeptide then makes proteins

  23. Polymer: Polypeptide(peptide means bond) • Formed by dehydration synthesis • Sequence determined by DNA • 3-D and folds to take up less space

  24. Function of Proteins • Provides us with building blocks for life! • Also regulate most functions in a cell. • Glycoproteins (antigens) • Combines w/DNA to form chromosomes • Turns genes on and off • Antibodies (fights disease)

  25. Function of Proteins • Provides structure & strength (fibers) • Transports molecules in & out cells • Hemoglobin (transports O2) • Enzymes (speeds up rxns)- has –ase suffix • Acts as hormones (insulin)- many proteins have suffix of -in

  26. Bellringer: Describe in detail what you see in the diagram. (minimum 3 sentences) This is a picture of ATP. ATP is one type of polymer of a nucleic acid. It is made of adenine, sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

  27. Nucleic Acids • Contains C, H, O, N, P • Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES • Nucleotidesconsist of 3 parts: 1. 5-Carbon Sugar 2. Phosphate Group 3. Nitrogenous Base

  28. Function Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • contains the genetic code • stores & transmit heredity/genetic information • found in the nucleus (mitochondria) • Double stranded (double helix)

  29. Function Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic acid) • Carries info from DNA to cell • Helps in protein synthesis • found in ribosomes & nucleoli • Single stranded

  30. Polypeptide: ATP • Contains adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphates • Stores and releases energy

  31. Concept Map Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds include that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of which contain which contain which contain which contain

  32. Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins Sugars and starches Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen, Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Concept Map Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds include that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of which contain which contain which contain which contain

  33. Which biomolecule has the most energy!?

  34. C-H bonds • Count the number of C-H bonds in your monosaccharide picture. • Count the number of C-H bonds in your saturated or unsaturated bond picture • Which biomolecule (carbs or fats) have more C-H bonds?

  35. The number of C-H bonds = the amount of energy • The more C-H bonds a biomolecule has, the more energy it has! • Fats have the most energy because they have the most C-H bonds!

  36. Video clips: • Burning Marshmallow • Oil lamp • Cooking Oil Car

  37. CHALLENGE! • Which popular plant process forms glucose? Photosynthesis • Which elements form a glucose molecule? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • What is the molecular formula for glucose? • Create a polymer using dehydration synthesis process. C6H12O6

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