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The Muscovy State: Rise of an Empire

Explore the emergence and growth of Muscovite Russia, the consolidation and centralization policy of Ivan III and Ivan IV, the social life, culture, and economics of the Tsardom of Russia, and the Time of Troubles and the first Romanovs.

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The Muscovy State: Rise of an Empire

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  1. HISTORY OF RUSSIA Ms. Kseniya Zharchinskaya, assistant professor (Жарчинская Ксения at portal.tpu.ru) November 5 2015

  2. THE NATIONAL RESEARCHTOMSK POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY:HISTORY OF RUSSIA Lecture 2: The Muscovy State. Rise of an Empire • The emergence and growth ofMuscovite Russia • The consolidation and centralization policy of Ivan III and Ivan IV • The social life, culture and economics of the Tsardom of Russia • The Time of Troubles (1603 – 1613) and first Romanovs Materials for further reading: • Kaiser, Daniel H., Gary Marker. Reinterpreting Russian History. Oxford, 1994. • Martin, Janet. Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge, 1995. • Riasanovsky, Nicholas and Mark Steinberg. A History of Russia(various editions). • Kliuchevskii, V. O. Course in Russian History (various editions). • Richard Pipes.Russia under the Old Regime. 1995. 2

  3. Lecture 2: The Muscovy State. Rise of an Empire Ivan Kalita (1325 – 1340) • Prince of Moscow from 1325. • Grand Prince of state from 1328 (witha right to collect the tribute from other principalities). • Suppressed a rebellion in Tver’ in 1327.

  4. Dmitry Donskoy (1350 – 1389) Won a battle of Kulikovo in 1380 (against khan Mamai) Saint of the Russian Orthodox Church The name and memory of Kulikovo gave Russians hope for the end of Tatar invasion

  5. Muscovite Civil War (1425 – 1462) 75

  6. Ivan the Great III (1462–1505) • 1470, 1471, 1478 – military campaigns against Novgorod • 1480– finished Mongoldomination after the battle near River Ugra • 1485– military campaign against Tver • Reforming the council of the boyars (боярская дума) • Improved the system of • communications • 1497– Ivan III compiled new • Judicial code(Судебник 1497) • Developed stone architecture • In Moscow • Centralized the state • Took the title of the Grand duke • of all Russia(«Государь всея • Руси»)

  7. Martha, widow of the last head of Novgorod, before deportation in 1478

  8. Ivan the Great III (1462–1505) • 1470, 1471, 1478 – military campaigns against Novgorod • 1480– finished Mongoldomination after the battle near River Ugra • 1485– military campaign against Tver • Reforming the council of the boyars (боярская дума) • Improved the system of • communications • 1497– Ivan III compiled new • Judicial code(Судебник 1497) • Developed stone architecture • In Moscow • Centralized the state • Took the title of the Grand duke • of all Russia(«Государь всея • Руси»)

  9. The Cathedral of the Dormition, Also known as Uspensky sobor of Moscow Kremlin built by the Italian architect Aristotele Fioravanti, who created the plans for the Palazzo Bentivoglio in Bologna, 1507.

  10. In 1510 Vasily III forced Pskov to dissolve their city Assembly (Veche)

  11. The social structure of the Muscovy state in XV century

  12. Ivan the Terrible(1547 – 1584) • 1550– New Codex with a confirmation of St George's Day • 1550 – Military reform • 1550 – Administrative reform • 1551 – Stoglav (unified all aspects of faith) • 1555 – Reform of local administration • 1552, 1556 – Ivan IV conquered Khazan and Astrakhanin Volga Izbrannaya rada – elected council with some close friends of Ivan IV, including Aleksey Adashev and the priest Sylvester, who were inspired by the idea of creating a truly Christian state.

  13. «Ecclesia militans» (Tretyakov Gallery) Traditionally perceived as an allegorical representation of the Kazan conquest by Ivan IV.Ivan the Terrible together with other Russian Tsars and Holy martyrs goes from the conquered city to the ‘heavenly gate of Jerusalem’ (which in this case symbolizes Moscow).

  14. Novgorod Massacre (1571)

  15. Ivan the Terrible and souls of his victimsby Mikhail Clodt (end of the XIX century)

  16. The evaluation of Ivan IV in literature: • Yanov, Alexander. The Origins of Autocracy:"...[it was] an attempt to transform an absolutist political structure into a despotism... which determined... the entire subsequent historical process in Russia..., [but] Ivan successfully cemented autocracy and a centralized government“ • Martin, Janet. Medieval Russia in 980–1584:"Muscovy from its core, where its centralized political structures depended upon a dying dynasty, to its frontiers, where its villages stood depopulated and its fields lay fallow, was on the brink of ruin“ • Dal, Vladimir, Dictionary («Грозный»): «…courageous, magnificent, magisterial and keeping enemies in fear, but people in obedience»

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