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Keyword Extraction and Image Annotation Games to Enhance the Cultural Database Creation

Keyword Extraction and Image Annotation Games to Enhance the Cultural Database Creation. Virach Sornlertlamvanich and Thatsanee Charoenporn virach@gmail.com , thatsanee.charoenporn@nectec.or.th National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand. Motivation.

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Keyword Extraction and Image Annotation Games to Enhance the Cultural Database Creation

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  1. Keyword Extraction and Image Annotation Games to Enhance the Cultural Database Creation Virach Sornlertlamvanich and ThatsaneeCharoenporn virach@gmail.com, thatsanee.charoenporn@nectec.or.th National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  2. Motivation • Cultural Knowledge Creation • Image and object labeling • Keyword and semantic relation extraction • Image as a focal point • Cultural Knowledge Services • Service platform PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  3. 3 Steps in Digital Cultural Communication Step 1: Cultural knowledge curation • Reuse • Standardization Step 2: Cultural image annotation • Keyword extraction • Semantic relation acquisition • Image annotation games Step 3: Cultural knowledge service • Cultural knowledge platform for application service development PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  4. Cultural Knowledge Curation PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  5. Community Co-Creation Cultural Knowledge Base Institution Curation and Presentation Cultural knowledge curation Standardized Annotated Cultural Knowledge Base • Search • Category • Statistics • Provincial Cultural Knowledge Base Service • Search • Text • Filter • Similarity (color,structure, role, mood, image) • Presentation • Location, category • Statistics • Relation Community • Citation • Museum • Museum archive • Other departments • Community Co-Creation • Input • GPS data • Tag • Invitation, registration, approval Audience PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  6. Cultural Knowledge Portal Creation • Way of Life • - Ethnic • - Religion and Belief • - Tradition and Rite • - Language and Literature • - Local Wisdom • - Performing Art and Music • Scope of Collection • Cultural Personnel/Organization • - Artist • - Scholar • - Religious Monument • - Writer/Author • - Society/Association • - Cultural Network • - Cultural Unit • Cultural Site • - Archaeological Site • - Historical Park • - Historical Site • - Architecture • - Religious Place • - Museum • - Library • - Archive • - Monument • - Theatre • - Tourism spot • Cultural Artifact • - Archaeological Objects • - Artwork • - Visual Art • - Book/Press • - Audiovisual Media • - Utensil • - Costume PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  7. Cultural Databank http://www.m-culture.in.th/ PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  8. Cultural Databank http://www.m-culture.in.th/ PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  9. Cultural image annotation PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  10. Keyword Extraction • Some keywords are readily available in the set tags, but many of them are still missing. • Our task is to extract those missing keywords from the description and title. PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  11. Keyword Extraction • Some keywords can be linked to external pages, e.g. Wikipedia. • Our task is to find appropriate articles corresponding to those keywords. PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  12. Method for KW Extraction • Chunking model (Uchimoto et al., 2004) for keyword extraction PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  13. Training Data Preparation • Generate a keyword list from tags and titles that are not shorter than 5 characters and not longer than 30 characters • Segment descriptions using a state-of-the-art Thai word segmentation algorithm (Kruengkrai et al., 2009) • Note that the word segmentation algorithm was trained using ORCHID corpus and TCL’s lexicon (contents of ORCHID corpus and our current data are quite different) • Label the segmented descriptions with the keyword list PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  14. Training Data • Description ผ้าซิ่นลายมัดหมี่บ้านปทุมแก้วเป็นงานฝีมือพื้นบ้าน ….. PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  15. Labeling • Apply BIO tagging • B: beginning position of a keyword • I: intermediate (or end) position of a keyword • O: other words • If several matches are possible, select the longest one (like in the previous example) PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  16. Training Data • Description ผ้าซิ่นลายมัดหมี่บ้านปทุมแก้วเป็นงานฝีมือพื้นบ้าน ….. • Segmented/Tagged/Labeled Description Word POS tag Label ผ้าซิ่น N B-K ลายมัดหมี่บ้านปทุมแก้ว N I-K <space> P O เป็น V O งานฝีมือพื้นบ้าน N O …… ….. ….. • Keyword List (extracted from tag and title) • ….. • ผ้า • ….. • ผ้าซิ่น • ผ้าซิ่นลายมัดหมี่บ้านปทุมแก้ว • ….. • ….. PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  17. Chunking Model PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  18. Preliminary Experiment Result • 3000 examples for training, 500 examples for testing • Based on Margin Infused Relaxed Algorithm (MIRA), Crammer et al., 2005 • Baseline features (Unigram and Bigram) + • 3 character prefix/suffix of current word + • 3 consecutive POS tags • Recall=0.8256, Precision=0.9061, F1=0.8640 PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  19. Semantic Relation Acquisition • Extract commons syntactic patterns between two nouns • Our task is to acquire triples (ei , rij , ej ), where • ei and ej are entities (keywords) • rij is a relationship between them PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  20. Extract Common Syntactic Pattern of a Predicate between Two Keywords Predicate Anchored keyword • Example Title: วัดทุ่งDescription:วัดทุ่งมีอายุราว500ปีสันนิฐานว่าสร้างขึ้นในสมัยกรุงสุโขทัย Title: วัดตราชูDescription:วัดตราชูสร้างขึ้นในสมัยกรุงศรีอยุธยาตอนต้นราวพ.ศ.2076 Title: หลวงพ่อขาวDescription:เป็นพระพุทธรูปเก่าแก่เนื้อหินทรายปางสมาธิขนาดหน้าตักกว้าง๒ศอก ประดิษฐานอยู่ในวิหารวัดหลวงวัดสันนิฐานว่าสร้างขึ้นในสมัยอยุธยา Title: พระพุทธรูปปางมารวิชัยDescription:สร้างขึ้นในสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์ตอนต้น Title: วิหารวัดโยธานิมิตDescription:สร้างขึ้นในสมัยพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  21. Extract Common Syntactic Pattern of a Predicate between Two Keywords • Example (วัดทุ่ง, สร้างขึ้นในสมัย, กรุงสุโขทัย) (วัดตราชู, สร้างขึ้นในสมัย, กรุงศรีอยุธยาตอนต้น) (หลวงพ่อขาว,สร้างขึ้นในสมัย, อยุธยา) (พระพุทธรูปปางมารวิชัย,สร้างขึ้นในสมัย,รัตนโกสินทร์ตอนต้น) (วิหารวัดโยธานิมิต,สร้างขึ้นในสมัย,พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช) • (ei, BUILT_IN, ej) PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  22. Extract Common Syntactic Pattern of a Predicate between Two Keywords Predicate Anchored keyword • Example Title: กระโจมไฟบ้านโรงถ่านDescription: สร้างโดยอพท. เมื่อปี พ.ศ.2550 เป็นท่าเทียบเรีอสำหรับเรือท่องเที่ยว Title: ศาลเจ้าตากสินวัดบ้านค่ายDescription: ศาลปูนขนาดกลางสร้างโดยพระครูพิพัฒน์ชยาภรณ์ Title:วัดทุ่งโฮ้งใต้Description:สร้างขึ้นเมื่อ พ.ศ.2370จากตำนานเล่าว่าสร้างโดยกลุ่มชาวลาวพวน Title: ศาลพระพรหมDescription:ตั้งอยู่บริเวณสวนตุงโคมตำบลเวียงอำเภอเมืองเชียงรายจัดสร้างโดยเทศบาลนครเชียงราย Title:วงเวียนนิมิตรDescription:วงเวียนนิมิตรหรือวงเวียนม้าน้ำก่อสร้างโดยเทศบาลนครภูเก็ตในปีพ.ศ.2548 PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  23. Extract Common Syntactic Pattern of a Predicate between Two Keywords • Example (กระโจมไฟบ้านโรงถ่าน, สร้างโดย, อพท.) (ศาลเจ้าตากสินวัดบ้านค่าย,สร้างโดย,พระครูพิพัฒน์ชยาภรณ์) (วัดทุ่งโฮ้งใต้,สร้างโดย,กลุ่มชาวลาวพวน) (ศาลพระพรหม, สร้างโดย, เทศบาลนครเชียงราย) (วงเวียนนิมิตร, สร้างโดย, เทศบาลนครภูเก็ต) • (ei, BUILT_BY, ej) PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  24. ESP Game and Peekaboomproposed by Luis von Ahn, May 25, 2006 by Pete Cashmore • ESP Game – In the ESP Game, the two players are shown an image and asked to enter a word that describes it. The players can’t see each other’s guesses. The aim is to enter the same word as your partner in the shortest possible time. But there’s an ulterior motive here: much of the data is recorded, and could be used to power image search engines in the future. What’s cheaper – paying thousands of Mechanical Turkers to label all the images on the web, or tricking people into doing it for free? • Peekaboom – Peekaboom takes the ESP Game to the next level. Unlike the ESP Game, it’s asymmetrical. To start, one user is shown an image and the other sees an empty black space. The first user is given a word relating to the image, and the aim is to communicate that word to the other player by revealing portions of the image. So if the word is “eye” and the image is a face, you reveal the eye to your partner. But the real aim here is to build a better image search engine: one that could identify individual items within an image. PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  25. ESP Game • Two players are shown an image • asked to enter a word that describes it. • The aim is to enter the same word as your partner in the shortest possible time. Twitter Bird Angry bird Mohawk Bird Bird To name the image PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  26. Peekaboom Bird • One user is shown a named image and show the part of the image according to the name • Another user gives a word relating to the image • The aim is to enter the same word as it is named in the shortest possible time. Squirrel Flying fish Bird To label the object in the image Bird PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  27. Extended Peekaboom Bird • One user is shown a named image and show the part of the image according to the name • Another user gives a word relating to the image • The aim is to enter the same word as it is named in the shortest possible time. • A word from the Synset can be matched. • Once a synset is selected cross language matching can be determined. Squirrel Flying fish Bird AWN Bird PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  28. Demo • ESP-like game • http://m-culture.in.th/game/esp_game • Play mode • Single player mode: play against history • Two-player mode: guess to match each other • Extended Peekaboom game • http://m-culture.in.th/game/peekaboom • Play mode • Single player mode: play against history • Two-player mode: guess to match each other • For Thai language, use AWN to support synonym, hypernym, hyponym, meronym, and holonym • For other languages, use AWN to support synonym only PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  29. Preliminary Experiment • 18 images played by 19 persons. For each image, we allow 60 seconds to guess a proper word. • AWN can expand the matching in 67 cases or increase 22% of matching ratio. PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  30. Cultural knowledge service PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  31. Shop Database Title shop Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title shop Snippet description Tags A, B, C Cultural Database Product Database Title shop Snippet description Tags A, B, C A Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C B Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C C Maker Database D Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title maker Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title maker Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title maker Snippet description Tags A, B, C PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  32. To find a related Product from Culture information Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  33. To find the background Culture information from a Product Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  34. Product and Culture information relation Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title product Snippet description Tags A, B, C Title culture Snippet description Tags A, B, C PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  35. Summary • From this ESP-like game, we successfully named the images or at least obtained a list of candidates for labeling the object in the image to be used in the next extended Peekaboom game. • Synonym, hypernym, hyponym, meronym, holonym from AWN can help expanding the matching ratio. • Cross language image labeling is realized by AWN synonym. PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

  36. Future Work • Enhancing keyword extraction to find more term candidate for image matching • Call for participation of the extended ESP and Peekaboom games for image labeling PNC 2012 Annual Conference and Joint Meetings, UC Berkeley, US., December 7-9, 2012

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