1 / 60

USE OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

USE OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES. SUBJECT GERUND ‘ Flying aeroplanes could be dangerous’. REDUCTION OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE ‘ Not knowing what to do, I … ’. DEFINING THE WHOLE ACTION ‘She sat there , waiting ’. IT + ADJECTIVE + TO IN SUBJECT POSITION ‘ It is dangerous to

sue
Télécharger la présentation

USE OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. USE OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES SUBJECT GERUND ‘Flying aeroplanes could be dangerous’ REDUCTION OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE ‘Not knowing what to do, I… ’ DEFINING THE WHOLE ACTION ‘She sat there,waiting’ IT + ADJECTIVE + TO IN SUBJECT POSITION ‘It is dangerous to fly aeroplanes’ USING A POSSESSIVE ‘I was surprised by his going.’ ‘His going surprised me.’ REDUCTION OF THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ‘The man living next-door is...’ PASSIVE GERUND IT + ADJECTIVE OF ☻ TO ‘It was stupid of you to let others use you.’ BARE INFINITIVE AFTER A PASSIVE PREDICATE ‘The castle is said tobe haunted.’ PASSIVE INFINITIVE PERFECT INFINITIVE AFTER A PASSIVE PREDICATE ‘Picasso is believed to havebeen a genius.’ VERBS OF PERCEPTION ‘I saw her crying.’ I saw her cry.’ CAUSATIVE VERBS Have / get sth done Get ☻ to do sth Be made to do, Make ☻ do sth PAST INFINITIVE TOO adj. TOO NOT ENOUGH adj. TO ‘It was too hot to drink’ ‘It wasn’t cold enough to drink’’

  2. SUBJECT GERUND HOME PAGE It is possible to convert the first sentence into a Gerund Phrase and use it as a subject in the next sentence in place of ‘THIS’ THIS IS DANGEROUS HMM, WHAT… IS DANGEROUS? THE SUBJECT PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVE BE + ADJ PEOPLE FLY AEROPLANES. THIS AND IS DANGEROUS. The subject pronoun ‘THIS’ stands for the previous sentence, ‘PEOPLE FLY AEROPLANES’

  3. SUBJECT GERUND HOME PAGE It is possible to convert the first sentence into a Gerund Phrase and use it as a subject in the next sentence in place of ‘THIS’ THIS IS DANGEROUS THE SUBJECT PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVE BE + ADJ This is possible in two ways. NOW CLICK TWICE! PEOPLE FLY AEROPLANES. THIS IS DANGEROUS.

  4. SUBJECT GERUND DON’T YOU AGREE?! HOME PAGE PEOPLE FLY AEROPLANES. FLYING AEROPLANES FLYING THIS IS DANGEROUS. Now CLICK and REPLACE ‘THIS’ with the new Gerund Subject. If the subject in the first clause denotes a general group,… …OMIT the subject,... … and ADD a gerund. The Phrase ‘FLYING AEROPLANES’ is ready to be used as a Gerund Subject in the second clause.

  5. HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  6. THERE IS YET ANOTHER WAY TO USE A SENTENCE IN THE SUBJECT POSITION IT + INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT HOME PAGE PEOPLE FLY AEROPLANES THIS IS DANGEROUS TO IT THE SUBJECT PRONOUN ‘THIS’ STANDS FOR THE FIRST CLAUSE PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVE BE + ADJ If the subject in the first clause denotes a general group,… IT IS DANGEROUS TO FLY AEROPLANES …and if there is a predicative adjective in the second clause,… …OMIT the subject,... … and LINK the remaining predicate ‘FLY AEROPLANES’ to the predicative adjective with ‘TO’.. …START the predicative adjective with ‘IT’

  7. IT + INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT HOME PAGE CLICK TO SEE THE RULE IT IS TO ADJECTIVE EVENT IT IS CLEVER TO SAVE SOME MONEY IT IS STUPID NOT TO SAVE SOME MONEY IT IS EXCITING VISIT OTHER COUNTRIES TO IT IS BORING BE ABLE TO TRAVEL NOT TO IT IS EAT IN MODERATION REASONABLE TO IT IS EAT IN MODERATION UNREASONABLE NOT TO

  8. HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  9. IT + INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT HOME PAGE CLICK TO SEE THE RULE OF ☻ TO IT IS ADJECTIVE EVENT IT WAS CONSIDERATE HELP US DO THE WORK OF HIM TO IT WAS INCONSIDERATE HELP US DO THE WORK OF HIM NOT TO IT WAS STUPID WAIT OUTSIDE OF US TO IT WAS STUPID WAIT INDOORS OF US NOT TO IT WAS WEAR THE SHIRT INSIDE OUT FUNNY OF ME TO IT WAS WEAR THE T-SHIRT PROPERLY FUNNY OF ME NOT TO SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

  10. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION SUBJECT GERUND, IT + INFINITIVE HOME PAGE Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. She didn’t come on time, which was irresponsible. HER It was irresponsible of her to come late. It is crucial if you are in the right place and at the right time. PLACE Being in the right place and in the right time is crucial. There is no point in going on discussing this issue. IT It is pointless to go on discussing this topic. People need to develop effective listening skills. SKILLS Developing effective listening skills is necessary. You danced in women’s garments, which was very funny. IT It was funny of you to dance in women’s clothes.

  11. SUBJECT GERUND HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  12. VERBS OF PERCEPTION SEE...................................................... HEAR STHHAPPEN FEEL.................................................... SEE................................................................. HEAR STH HAPPENING FEEL.............................................................. You witness the whole action. You witness only a part of the whole action. AND I BELIEVE I MUST TELL YOU WHAT IT WAS ALL ABOUT B A I HEARD THEM SPEAKING ABOUT YOU Click and match! B THEN, THEY WENT SOMEWHERE ELSE TO GOSSIP I HEARD THEM SPEAK ABOUT YOU A JUST BEFORE HE PHONED TO TELL HER HE WAS TOO ILL TO GO OUT THAT DAY A A TESS HAD SEEN HER BOYFRIEND KISS A GIRL Click and match! B WHEN SHE ENTERED THE ROOM TO SAY ‘SURPRISE’ TESS SAW HER BOYFRIEND KISSING A GIRL B SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

  13. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE HOME PAGE Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. Because she was crying, we stopped minding our own business. WE crying we stopped When we saw her to look at her. We watched the train until it disappeared in the skyline. WE We watched the train disappear in the horizon. I saw a man who slipped a secret note in the president’s pocket. NOTE slip a secret note I saw a man in the president’s pocket. When I woke, my mother’s snoring was audible. MUM heard mum snoring. When I woke I I was unable to sleep as mum kept snoring until the crack of dawn. I I heard mum snore the night out.

  14. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  15. IT + INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT CLICK TO SEE MORE EXAMPLES ANIMATED RULE HOME PAGE IT IS TOO ADJECTIVE TO EVENT IT IS TOO DANGEROUS APPROACH TO IT IS NOT ADJECTIVE ENOUGH TO EVENT TO IT IS NOT SAFE APPROACH ENOUGH

  16. IT + INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT HOME PAGE IT IS TOO ADJECTIVE TO EVENT IT IS NOT ADJECTIVE ENOUGH TO EVENT IT IS TOO FAR TO REACH IT IS NOT CLOSE ENOUGH REACH TO CLICK TO SEE MORE EXAMPLES IT IS TOO TO SOLVE COMPLICATED IT IS NOT TO SOLVE SIMPLE ENOUGH

  17. IT + INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT CLICK TO SEE MORE EXAMPLES ANIMATED RULE HOME PAGE IT IS TOO ADJECTIVE TO EVENT FOR ☻ IT IS TOO COSTLY BUY TO FOR Jim IT IS NOT ADJECTIVE ENOUGH FOR ☻ TO EVENT FOR Jim TO IT IS NOT CHEAP BUY ENOUGH

  18. IT + INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT HOME PAGE IT IS TOO ADJECTIVE TO EVENT FOR ☻ IT IS NOT ADJECTIVE ENOUGH FOR ☻ TO EVENT SHE IS TOO STUBBORN TO CONVINCE FOR US SHE IS NOT LENIENT ENOUGH CONVINCE FOR US TO CLICK TO SEE MORE EXAMPLES I AM TOO FOR YOU TO BE A FRIEND BAD I AM NOT FOR YOU TO BE A FRIEND GOOD ENOUGH SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

  19. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION IT + INFINITIVE HOME PAGE Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. It was such fine weather that he couldn’t stay indoors. GOOD was too good to The weather stay indoors. The flight was so bumpy that the baby couldn’t sleep. SMOOTH was not smooth enough for The flight the baby to sleep. My essay was so incoherent that the teacher couldn’t understand it. TOO too incoherent for the teacher to understand. My essay was The steak was so tough that the old man couldn’t chew it. NOT was not tender enough for The steak the old man to chew. The food was so delicious that Carol couldn’t stop eating. YUMMY too yummy for Carol to stop. The food was

  20. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION SUBJECT GERUND, IT + INFINITIVE HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  21. REDUCTION OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE AFTER HOME PAGE AFTER DOING THE REDUCTION OF THE SUBJECT AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE VERB TENSE INTO THE GERUND FORM CHANGE THE ADVERB CLAUSE INTO A MODIFYING PHRASE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE (MODIFYING PHRASE) RAC After checking if all the windows were shut, I left the house. The subjects of both the RAC and the MC must be the same so the subject in the RAC can be omitted. Who checked all the windows in the RAC? Main Clause (MC) FULL FORM (ADVERB CLAUSE) AfterIHADcheckEDif all the windows were shut, I left the house. Omit the tense of the verb. Put it in Gerund (+ing) form After I had checked... → After checking... CHANGES Omit the Subject in the RAC After I had checked... → After checking...

  22. CONVERSION PRACTICE AFTER CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION HOME PAGE Smith After Smith had listened to her, he could better understand why she had behaved so. listen listening ADD A GERUND! OMIT THE SUBJECT! OMIT THE TENSE OF THE VERB! MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! After Smith had listened to her, he could better understand why she had behaved so. After listening to her, Smith could better understand why she had behaved so.

  23. REDUCTION OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE BEFORE HOME PAGE BEFORE DOING THE REDUCTION OF THE SUBJECT AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE VERB TENSE INTO THE GERUND FORM CHANGE THE ADVERB CLAUSE INTO A MODIFYING PHRASE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE (MODIFYING PHRASE) RAC Beforeleavingthe house, I had checked if all the windows were shut. The subjects of both the RAC and the MC must be the same so the subject in the RAC can be omitted. Who left the house in theRAC? Main Clause (MC) FULL FORM (ADVERB CLAUSE) BeforeIleFTthe house, Ihad checked if all the windows were shut. Omit the tense of the verb. Put it in Gerund (+ing) form Before I left → Before leaving... CHANGES Omit the Subject in the RAC BeforeIleft... → Before leaving...

  24. CONVERSION PRACTICE BEFORE CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION HOME PAGE Smith Before Smith could understand why she had behaved that way, he had listened to her twice. understanding understand ADD A GERUND! OMIT THE SUBJECT! OMIT THE TENSE OF THE VERB! MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! Before Smith could understand why she had behaved that way, he had listened to her. Before understanding why she had behaved so, Smith had listened to her twice.

  25. REDUCTION OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE BECAUSE HOME PAGE BECAUSE DOING THE SUBJECT OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE DROPS WITH THE ADVERB ‘BECAUSE’, AND THE VERB TENSE ALTERS INTO A GERUND TO REDUCE THE ADVERB CLAUSE TO A MODIFYING CLAUSE. REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE (MODIFYING PHRASE) RAC NOT waning to offend him, Amber weighed her words carefully. The subjects of both the RAC and the MC must be the same so the subject in the RAC can be omitted. Who didn’t want to offend him in the RAC? Main Clause (MC) FULL FORM (ADVERB CLAUSE) BECAUSEAmberDIDn’t wantto offend him, SHE weighed her words carefully. Omit the tense of the verb. Put it in Gerund (+ing) form Because Amber didn’twant to... → NOT wanting to... CHANGES Omit the Subject and the adverb ‘BECAUSE’ in the RAC Because Amber didn’t want to..., she... → Not wanting to..., Amber...

  26. CONVERSION PRACTICE BECAUSE CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION Janet HOME PAGE Because Janet had nowhere to go, she spent the whole night in an abandoned car. Having have OMIT BECAUSE! OMIT THE SUBJECT! OMIT THE TENSE OF THE VERB! ADD A GERUND! MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! Because Janet had nowhere to go, she spent the night in an abandoned car. Having nowhere to go, Janet spent the night in an abandoned car.

  27. CONVERSION PRACTICE BECAUSE CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION HOME PAGE Janet Because Janet didn’t have anywhere to go, she spent the night in an abandoned car. not have Not having OMIT BECAUSE! OMIT THE SUBJECT! OMIT THE TENSE OF THE VERB! ADD A GERUND! MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! Because Janet didn’t have anywhere to go, she spent the night in an abandoned car. Not having anywhere to go, Janet spent the night in an abandoned car.

  28. CONVERSION PRACTICE BECAUSE CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION HOME PAGE Craig Because Craig is a snob, he looks down on other people. be Being OMIT BECAUSE! OMIT THE SUBJECT! OMIT THE TENSE OF THE PREDICATE! MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! ADD A GERUND! Because Craig is a snob, he looks down on other people. Being a snob, Craig looks down on other people.

  29. CONVERSION PRACTICE BECAUSE CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION HOME PAGE Hugh Because Hugh was asked a most inappropriate question, he was at a loss for words. be Being OMIT THE TENSE OF THE PREDICATE! ADD A GERUND! OMIT BECAUSE! OMIT THE SUBJECT! MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! Because Hugh was asked a most inappropriate question, he was at a loss for words. Being asked a most inappropriate question, Hugh was at a loss for words.

  30. REDUCTION OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE SINCE HOME PAGE SINCE DOING THE REDUCTION OF THE SUBJECT AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE VERB TENSE INTO THE GERUND FORM CHANGE THE ADVERB CLAUSE INTO A MODIFYING PHRASE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE (MODIFYING PHRASE) RAC Since moving to the big city, Heather has made many new friends. The subjects of both the RAC and the MC must be the same so the subject in the RAC can be omitted. Who moved to the big city theRAC? Main Clause (MC) FULL FORM (ADVERB CLAUSE) Sinceshe movEDto the big city, HEATHERhas made many new friends. Omit the tense of the verb. Put it in Gerund (+ing) form Since she moved... → Since moving... CHANGES Omit the Subject in the RAC Since she moved... → Since moving...

  31. CONVERSION PRACTICE SINCE CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION HOME PAGE Cheryl Since Cheryl met him, she has changed beyond recognition. meeting meet MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! OMIT THE SUBJECT! OMIT THE TENSE OF THE VERB! ADD A GERUND! Since Cheryl met him, she has changed beyond compare. Since meeting him, Cheryl has changed beyond compare.

  32. REDUCTION OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE WHILE HOME PAGE WHILE DOING THE REDUCTION OF THE SUBJECT AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE VERB TENSE INTO THE GERUND FORM CHANGE THE ADVERB CLAUSE INTO A MODIFYING PHRASE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE (MODIFYING PHRASE) RAC W h i l e f i s h ing, T o m f e l l a s l e e p . Main Clause (MC) The subjects of both the RAC and the MC must be the same so the subject in the RAC can be omitted. Who was fishing in the RAC? FULL FORM (ADVERB CLAUSE) WhileTomWASfishing, he fell asleep. Omit the tense of the verb. Put it in Gerund (+ing) form While Tom was fishing... → While fishing... CHANGES Omit the Subject in the RAC and make it definite in the MC WhileTomwas fishing..., he...→While fishing..., Tom...

  33. CONVERSION PRACTICE WHILE CLICK TO SEE THE TRANSFORMATION HOME PAGE Chantal While Chantal was daydreaming in class, she fell asleep. daydream daydreaming OMIT THE SUBJECT! OMIT THE TENSE OF THE VERB! ADD A GERUND! MAKE THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE DEFINITE! While Chantal was daydreaming in class, she fell asleep. While daydreaming in class, Chantal fell asleep. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

  34. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE HOME PAGE Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. He prayed, and then he asked her for a dance. HER before asking her He prayed for a dance. Because Wilma was a working mother, she was so busy. A Being a working mother, Wilma was so busy. The child was flipping through the pages, when he found the note. THE while flipping through the The child found the note pages. Carla panicked in the exam because she didn’t have enough time. NOT Not having enough time, Carla panicked in the exam. Hilary has been unable to sleep since she unearthed the secret. THE Since unearthing the secret Hilary’s been sleepless.

  35. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  36. POSSESSIVES MODIFYING A GERUND IN SUBJECT POSITION HOME PAGE S E N T E N C E O R D E R NEXT SENTENCE JOHN MOVED TO A VILLAGE THIS SURPRISED US CONVERSION INTO NOUN CLAUSE CLICK! JOHN’S MOVINGTO A VILLAGE JOHN MOVED TO A VILLAGE Verb+ing Subject+’s S E N T E N C E O R D E R JOHN’S MOVINGTO A VILLAGE SURPRISED US SURPRISED US S U B J E C T

  37. POSSESSIVES MODIFYING A GERUND IN SUBJECT POSITION HOME PAGE S E N T E N C E O R D E R NEXT SENTENCE TRACY HAS HANDED IN HER RESIGNATION EVERYONE IS TALKING ABOUT THIS CONVERSION INTO NOUN CLAUSE CLICK! TRACY’S HANDINGIN HER RESIGNATION TRACY HAS HANDED IN HER RESIGNATION Verb+ing Subject+’s S E N T E N C E O R D E R TRACY’S HANDING IN HER RESIGNATION EVERYONE IS TALKING ABOUT EVERYONE IS TALKING ABOUT O B J E C T SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

  38. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION POSSESSIVES MODIFYING A GERUND HOME PAGE Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. Paula left Tommy, and this has scathed him. HAS Paula’s leaving Tommy has hurt him deeply. We were outraged by the fact that Velma had betrayed us. SHOCKED Velma's betraying us shocked everyone. He keeps insulting everyone, which is inexcusable. HIS his insulting everyone. We can’t excuse Laureen got admitted to Harvard, and we celebrated this. GETTING Laureen’s getting admitted to Harvard. We celebrated Zach keeps bunking off work, which is intolerable. OFF Zach’s bunking off work We can’t tolerate all the time.

  39. POSSESSIVES MODIFYING A GERUND HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  40. CAUSATIVE VERBS WITH ZERO INFINITIVE MAKE ☻DO sth TO FORCE SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING AGAINST THEIR WILL HAVE ☻DO sth TO PERSUADE sb TO DO sth TO PAY AND ASK sb TO DO sth GET ☻TODO sth TO PERSUADE SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING AFTER SOME DIFFICULTY TIM HAD HIS MOTHER BUY HIM A MOTOTORBIKE. B A It was not easy, but Tim’s mother, at last, saw a point in buying him a motorbike. B TIM MADE HIS MOTHER BUY HIM A MOTOTORBIKE. Tim gave his mom a reason to buy him a motorbike, and she said yes. C TIM GOT HIS MOTHER TO BUY HIM A MOTOTORBIKE. A C Tim was so hard on his mother that she had to buy that motorbike. She wanted him to stay longer, but she couldn’t bend him to her will. have him stay longer. HAVE She couldn’t SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

  41. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION WITH ZERO INFINITIVE CAUSATIVE VERBS HOME PAGE Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. We were forced to walk barefoot all the way. US made us walk barefoot They all the way. The teacher failed to achieve silence in the classroom. BE get the students to be silent. The teacher couldn’t Zoey will call an electrician to repair the damage REPAIR have an electrician repair Zoey will the damage. You can’t influence me to play truant again. TO get me to play truant You can’t again. Even a faintest smile of hers would be enough for us to do what she wanted. have us do what she US wanted even with a smallest smile. She could

  42. CAUSATIVE VERBS GET sthDONE TO MANAGE SOMETHING OFTEN DIFFICULT TO HAVE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING FOR YOU HAVE sthDONE TO SUFFER FROM SOMETHING UNFORTUNATE MATCHING CAUSATIVE SENTENCE GET STH DONE GET STH DONE B A My arm got broken. I’VE GOT THE REPORT FINISHED B HAVE STH DONE GET STH DONE HAVE STH DONE GET STH DONE Phew! I’ve finished the report. C I HAD / GOT THE CAR REPAIRED HAVE STH DONE HAVE STH DONE A C I had somebody repair the car. I HAD MY ARM BROKEN Someone is cutting her hair at the moment. CUT is having her hair cut She right now. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

  43. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION CAUSATIVE VERBS HOME PAGE Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. A tailor is taking in her dresses around the waist now. HER Presently, she is having / getting her dresses taken in. Have you finished decorating the new house? THE Have you got the new house decorated? I wonder when you will go to a dentist to check your teeth. REPAIR will have / get your teeth checked. I wonder when you His ankle was badly sprained while playing football. BADLY He had his ankle badly sprained during a game of football. Somebody broke into the garage yesterday. THE yesterday. had the garage broken into We

  44. CAUSATIVE VERBS HOME PAGE Return to the home page to link to another use of ‘Gerunds and Infinitives’.

  45. BARE INFINITIVE AFTER THE PASSIVE VOICE S E N T E N C E -A- S E N T E N C E -B- PEOPLE SAY SOMETHING SOMETHING CAROL LOVES HER PROFESSION CAROL LOVES HER PROFESSION SUBJECT VERB OBJECT O B J E C T SENTENCE B REPLACES THE OBJECT OF SENTENCE A► THE SUBJECT OF SENTENCE B CAN BE USED AS THE OBJECT OF SENTENCE A IN THE PASSIVE VOICE ► PEOPLE SAY SOMETHING CAROL LOVES HER PROFESSION CAROL O B J E C T P A S S I V E VOICE OBJECT + BE + V3 T O i n f i n i t i v e B A R E I N F I N I T I V E CAROL TO CAROL IS SAID LOVE HER PROFESSION P R E S E N T P R E S E N T THE INFINITIVE OBJECT SENTENCE B IS LINKED TO THE PASSIVE PREDICATE SENTENCE A WITH ‘TO’ IF THERE IS AGREEMENT OF TIME ON BOTH SIDES PRESENT...................................................................................PRESENT PAST...............................................................................................PAST

  46. BARE INFINITIVE AFTER THE PASSIVE VOICE S E N T E N C E -A- S E N T E N C E -B- PEOPLE SAY SOMETHING SOMETHING CAROL LOVES HER PROFESSION CAROL LOVES HER PROFESSION SUBJECT VERB P A S S I V E VOICE OBJECT + BE + V3 T O i n f i n i t i v e B A R E I N F I N I T I V E TO CAROL IS SAID LOVE HER PROFESSION P R E S E N T P R E S E N T People think that the manager has a terrible secret. BELIEVED The manager is believed to have a terrible secret. People think that Irene is planning to leave. BE Irene to leave. is thought to be planning THE INFINITIVE OBJECT SENTENCE B IS LINKED TO THE PASSIVE PREDICATE SENTENCE A WITH ‘TO’ IF THERE IS AGREEMENT OF TIME ON BOTH SIDES PRESENT...................................................................................PRESENT PAST...............................................................................................PAST

  47. BARE INFINITIVE AFTER THE PASSIVE VOICE present - TO - presentpresent - TO - futurepast - TO - past TO P R E S E N T P R E S E N T BE IT THAT SHE IS SAID SHE IS A SPY S U B J E C T V E R B O B J E C T C L A U S E 1► Broken Object: The subject in the object clauseshe replaces the subject of the sentenceit 2► Broken Object Connector: The infinitive ‘TO’ replaces THAT 3► Bare Infinitive: The verb is used in the base form after the infinitive ‘TO’ It is believed that the sales will drop dramatically. ARE The sales are believed to drop dramatically. It is thought that urbanization poses a great threat to the nature. IS a big threat to the nature. Urbanization is thought to pose

  48. BARE INFINITIVE AFTER THE PASSIVE VOICE S E N T E N C E -A- S E N T E N C E -B- PEOPLE BELIEVED SOMETHING SOMETHING KATE HAD SUPERNATURAL POWERS KATE HAD SUPERNATURAL POWERS SUBJECT VERB OBJECT O B J E C T SENTENCE B REPLACES THE OBJECT OF SENTENCE A ► SENTENCE B CAN BE USED AS THE OBJECT OF SENTENCE A IN THE PASSIVE VOICE ► PEOPLE BELIEVED SOMETHING KATE HAD SUPERNATURAL POWERS KATE O B J E C T P A S S I V E VOICE OBJECT + BE + V3 T O i n f i n i t i v e B A R E I N F I N I T I V E KATE TO KATE WAS BELIEVED HAVE SUPERPOWERS P A S T P A S T THE INFINITIVE OBJECT SENTENCE B IS LINKED TO THE PASSIVE PREDICATE SENTENCE A WITH ‘TO’ IF THERE IS AGREEMENT OF TIME ON BOTH SIDES PRESENT...................................................................................PRESENT PAST...............................................................................................PAST

  49. BARE INFINITIVE AFTER THE PASSIVE VOICE S E N T E N C E -A- S E N T E N C E -B- PEOPLE BELIEVED SOMETHING SOMETHING CAROL LOVES HER PROFESSION KATE HAD SUPERNATURAL POWERS SUBJECT VERB P A S S I V E VOICE OBJECT + BE + V3 T O i n f i n i t i v e B A R E I N F I N I T I V E TO KATE WAS BELIEVED HAVE SUPERPOWERS P A S T P A S T People claimed that he possessed a terrible secret. POSSES He was claimed to possess a terrible secret. People acknowledged that he was a great authority in his field. BE He a great authority in his field. was acknowledged to be THE INFINITIVE OBJECT SENTENCE B IS LINKED TO THE PASSIVE PREDICATE SENTENCE A WITH ‘TO’ IF THERE IS AGREEMENT OF TIME ON BOTH SIDES PRESENT...................................................................................PRESENT PAST...............................................................................................PAST

  50. BARE INFINITIVE AFTER THE PASSIVE VOICE present - TO - presentpresent - TO - futurepast - TO - past TO P A S T P A S T HATE IT THAT Amy WAS SAID AMY HATED CHILDREN S U B J E C T V E R B O B J E C T C L A U S E 1► Broken Object: The subject in the object clauseAmy replaces the subject of the sentenceit 2► Broken Object Connector: The infinitive ‘TO’ replaces THAT 3► Bare Infinitive: The verb is used in the base form after the infinitive ‘TO’ It was said that Tom had an embarrassing secret. WAS Tom was said to have a skeleton in the cupboard. It was thought that Jim didn’t trust anyone. WAS no one. Jim was thought to trust

More Related