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The Earth, Moon, and Sun System: Exploring Sizes, Distances, and Motions

This presentation provides information about the Earth, Moon, and Sun system, including their sizes, distances, rotations, and revolutions. It also explores the motion of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, moon phases, eclipses, and tides. Additional slides offer resources for further study.

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The Earth, Moon, and Sun System: Exploring Sizes, Distances, and Motions

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  1. The Earth, Moon, and Sun System Prepared by: Alexandra Pontefract, Bhairavi Shankar, Heather Henry and Laura Thomson Updated by: Jennifer Newman

  2. Scale of the Earth/Moon/Sun System

  3. Earth and Moon to Scale Earth Moon

  4. Surface of the Moon

  5. On the Lunar Surface terminator mare highland

  6. Craters • Mountains • Valleys • Frozen water at poles??

  7. Earth, Sun, Moon: Sizes Earth Radius: 6,378 km Diameter: 12,756 kmMoon Radius: 1,737 km Diameter: 3,474 kmSun Radius: 695,500 km Diameter: 1,391,000 km It would take ~109 Earths to cross the surface of the Sun; and 3.5 moons would cross the surface of the Earth at the equator

  8. Earth, Sun, Moon: Distances Earth – Moon: 384,403 kmEarth – Sun: 149,597,870 km

  9. Earth, Sun, Moon: Rotations and Revolutions Rotation of the Earth: Counter-clockwise, 24 hoursRotation of the Moon: Counter-clockwise, 28 days Rotation of the Sun: Counter-clockwise, 24 days Revolution of the Earth around the Sun: Counter-clockwise, 365.25 days Revolution of the Moon around the Earth: Counter-clockwise, 28 days

  10. Earth, Sun, Moon: Model If your head (~25cm diameter) represents Earth, the moon would be a 7 cm diameter ball.At this scale (50,000,000x smaller) the Earth-Moon distance would be 7.5 metres, and the Earth-Sun distance would be 2.9 km.

  11. MOTION OF THE EARTH, MOON AND SUN

  12. Moon Phases

  13. New Moon

  14. Waxing Crescent

  15. First Quarter

  16. Waxing Gibbous

  17. Full Moon

  18. Waning Gibbous

  19. Third Quarter

  20. Waning Crescent

  21. Waxing Gibbous New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waning Crescent Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter

  22. Earth has phases too!

  23. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE EARTH, MOON AND SUN BECOME ALIGNED?

  24. Eclipses

  25. What kind of eclipses can occur? Solar Lunar

  26. Solar Eclipse Types Total Eclipse - Umbral Annular Eclipse - Antumbral Partial Eclipse - Penumbral

  27. Why are there different types of solar eclipses? The orbits of Earth and the Moon are not perfect It just depends how Earth aligns with the Moon’s shadow from the Sun

  28. Location of Earth determines eclipse Total Sun Moon Partial Annular Not to scale!!

  29. Lunar Eclipse Types Total Eclipse - Umbral Partial Eclipse - Umbral Penumbral Eclipse No eclipse Max eclipse

  30. Location of Moon determines eclipse

  31. Lunar Eclipse Why does the moon look red??

  32. Solar Eclipses: 2-5 a year are possible How often do eclipses happen?

  33. Lunar eclipses: 0-3 total eclipses per year How often do eclipses happen?

  34. Tides How are tides related to the Moon? Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

  35. Where are the tides? High Tide High Tide

  36. Cause of High Tide Moon over head Moon under foot

  37. High Tides: Making things more complicated Every ~24hrs • 2 high tides • 2 low tides

  38. The Sun and Tides Spring Tides Neap Tides 2 spring tides every ~28 days • New Moon • Full Moon 2 neap tides every ~28 days • First Quarter Moon • Third Quarter Moon

  39. Thank you! Questions?

  40. Extra Slides EXTRA SLIDES

  41. Want more info?

  42. Moon Zoo (www.moonzoo.org)

  43. Blue Moon Harvest Moon

  44. Moon’sSurface: Apollo Images from NASA

  45. How do we study the Lunar surface?

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