Tarmo Pauklin Estonian Environmental Research Centre

1. EU Project Development of Estonian Air Quality ManagementSystem- actions and outcomesLa Rochelle, 26 -27 October 2006 Tarmo Pauklin Estonian Environmental Research Centre

2. The Background • According to the Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62/EC, all EU Member States,which do not have representative measurements of the levels of pollutants for all zones andagglomerationsshall undertake series of representative measurements, surveys or assessmentsin order to have the data available for implementation of the Directive.

3. Estonian Environmental Research Centre Environmental Information Centre Environmental Inspectorate County Environmental Departments Authorities responsible for air pollution abatement in Estonia Ministry of Environment

4. Previous Phare projects • EL Phare Air Accession Twinning Project ES98/ IB-EN-018a, Air Quality management: issues for EU accession • EL Phare Air Accession Project ES 9805.02, Supply of Air Monitoring Equipment (Investment) • Development of Estonian Air Quality Management System was one of the main recommendation made by the Twinning project.

5. What is Air Quality Management? An endless loop of • Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data • Emission Databases • Air Quality Modelling • Training • Evaluation

6. Principle of the system Based on meteorology and emission inventories the levels of air pollutants are calculated using dispersion modelling. Calculated levels are compared with measured values. If calculated and measured values are different the emission sources are checked by measurements. Meteorological data Calculated levels Dispersion modelling Emissions Air quality monitoring Checking emissions

7. Reporting UN/EU Local governments Environmental Supervision (EIC) Media WWW Screens Strategical Decision-makińg Public Access to Information CEDs Planners Meteorology (EMHI) Emission Database (EIC) Air QualityMonitoring Stations(EERC) Mobile stations Background Urban Industry Scheme of National AQMS Air Emission Database and Modelling

8. The Goal of the Project: To Provide Estonia with a Modern NationwideAir Quality Management System

9. Progress of the project • As the tender was technically very complicated the preparation and approvement of final Tender Dossier took 17 months (November 2002 – April 2004) • The first draft version of Tender Dossier was sent to Ministry of Finance (MoF) in 14th of November 2002. Analysis of the Tender Dossier was made by the Expert • The deadline for submission of offers for the supply component was on the 28th of June 2004 andthere were two tenders. The evaluation of tenders took place in twoperiods totally from 28th of June until 30 November of 2004 • The contract was signed with SMHI on 16 of February 2005 • Duration of the project- one year, budget 3,5 MEUR

10. Main obligations of the Estonian AQMS according the Project • National obligations – reporting to the EU and international organizations • Maintaining and ensuring good air quality by planning activities and assessments • Dissemination of the information to public regarding the air quality in Estonia

11. Components of the Project • Air Quality Modelling • Internet Based Application System Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations • Meteorological Measurement Equipment • Passives Sampler Campaigns • Laboratory Equipment • Computers • Training

12. Main Partners • Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC)via the formal BeneficiaryThe Ministry of Environment • SMHI, Sweden • Apertum, Sweden (Internet System) • Candela, Poland (Laboratory Equipment) • Conexor, Sweden (Project Management) • FDS, Sweden (Meteorological Equipment) • Horiba, Germany (Monitoring Equipment) • IVL, Sweden (Passive Samplers) • Kernel, Estonia (Computers)

13. Main Estonian Partners • Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC) • Ministry of Environment (MoE) • Environmental Information Centre (EIC) • Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (EMHI) • Environmental Inspectorate (EI) • County Environmental Departments • City / Municipality Environmental Departments with Tallinn City as the leading agency

14. AirViro • One corner stone is that only ONE software application installation is needed (in the Central Office). • Users at the Central Offices access via the Local Area Network (LAN). • County Offices access via the Internet utilising a standard PC with Office Package and an Internet connection. No additional application/software installations are needed at the County Offices.

15. Project supply • Workstations – air quality experts at EI and CEDs were equipped with workstations and laptops to use the system • Two identical IBM server systems – in EERC and EIC, mirrored with each other • Server system, workstations and IAirViro software with extensive training and development (creation of emission databases, meteorological databases etc)

16. Air Quality Modelling • Wind model • Langrangean / Gaussian model • Grid model • MATCH model • Heavy gas model • Street canyon model • Receptor model

17. Emission Database • Organizes emission information • Provides reporting functionsfor local and EU use • Provides simulation functions • Input to dispersion modelling

18. Upgrading the monitoring stations • Existing monitoring stations were upgraded. Analyzers were replaced and new components added • Meteorological masts added to background stations • Displaceable monitoring stations for modelling purposes were equipped

19. Air Quality Monitoring Equipment Three new monitoring stations will measure • SO2 • NOX • O3 • PM 10 / 2.5 • TSP • BTX

20. Estonian AQ monitoring network Urban stations Background stations

21. Meteorological Equipment • Three 24 meter masts will provide input to large scale modelling • Ultrasonic Anemometers(x, y, z) wind components • Differential temperature • Temperature • Humidity • Precipitation

22. Contract with EMT was signed to use existing GSM masts for the meteorological sensors and their infrastructure for data collection.

23. Advanced meteorological masts Air quality modelling is based on meteorological parameters. For the system currently four masts are used. Meteorological mast in Tallinn operates since 1994

24. Passive Samplers • The pollutant is transported to the sorbent by molecular diffusion • Sampling time1 – 4 weeks • SO2, NO2, VOC • 145 samplers per campaign;3 campaigns nationwide

25. Passive Samplers Campaigns • The measurement campaigns show very low SO2 and NO2 values for background sites. • Some city locations have rather high levels of NO2 and VOC.

26. Laboratory Equipment • Chromato-mass detector for organic pollution determination • High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and UV detector (ketones + aldehydes) • Heavy metal detection equipment ICP (air + precipitation)

27. International Reporting • Functions for regular reporting to EU

28. Many organizations involved Re-organisations occur Staff competence and training Service & Maintenance of computers, monitoring equipment, etc System Manager function Daily operations Use of reports and results Maintenance of Emission Database Daily checks Optimized use of a modernAir Quality Monitoring SystemProblems

29. Structured organization Clarified responsibilities and interfaces Allocated resources Optimized use of a modernAir Quality Monitoring System Solutions

30. International obligations • Reporting pursuant to directive 2004/461/EEC covering air quality measurements carried out according air quality framework directive and daughter directives • Reporting of the ozone concentrations according the directive 2002/3/EC • Dissemination of the monitoring information to public according air quality framework directive 96/62/EC • Development of the action plans according the air quality framework directive 96/62/EC • EMEP reporting to Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) • EIONET reporting (DEM format) • Composing of the digital pollution maps

31. National obligations • Coordination of the ambient air quality monitoring in the zones and agglomerations • Planning of the air quality measurement campaigns in problematic areas and consultation • Composing and distributing printed matter about the importance of the air quality • Verifying air emission databases using combination of the modelling and monitoring • Measurement and comparison of the levels of the 13 priority pollutants with limit values • Development and implementation of the new analysis and sampling methods for ambient air pollutants

32. Other obligations • Development and keeping up to date of the local air emission databases • Assessment of the new pollution permits regarding existing pollution levels • Comparing existing pollution permits with the national emission database • Introducing traffic counting data to the emission database • Inserting meteorological data from other institutions to the air quality management system

33. Obligations of the EERC • Checking emission data by comparison of the modelling results with national monitoring • Assessment of the background concentrations and dissemination of the digital concentration maps • Maintenance and development of the AQMS • Assisting inspection authorities to solve causes of the specific pollution episodes (monitoring + modelling) • Forecast pollution distribution and dispersion during big accidents (precalculated and assessed scenarios for big pollution sources and industries) • Development of the air quality action plans with county environmental departments and local authorities

34. Other obligations • Development and maintenance of the county air emission databases • Checking existing pollution level prior issuing new air pollution permits • Checking and comparison of the existing pollution permits with the national emission database • Introducing traffic counting data to the emission database • Inserting meteorological data from other institutions to the air quality management system

35. Problematic pollutants in Estonia Exceedencies of PM10 limit values in Tallinn and in other cities; In background stations ozone concentrations tend to exceed even new target values during spring and summer months; In Kohtla-Järve area (oil-shale industry) high levels of specific pollutants are of great concern – hydrogen sulphide, phenols and formaldehyde.

36. Concentration of H2S In September 2004 automatic H2S analyzer was installed.

37. Problem in Kohtla-Järve Monitoring station Enterprises

38. H2S concentrations in Kohtla-Järvel

39. Biggest threats to the system • Quality of the output of the system depends on quality of the input data – main source of the errors is air emission database • Most important partner is county environmental department (inserting and checking new emission data), without adequate emission data activities of the other partners is irrelevant • Long-term financing of the maintenance of the system and accompanying obligations, enacting exact obligations of the parties

40. Conclusions and lessons learnt • The first nationwide edb is developed (3500 point sources, 2900 road links) • New type of sources (households,traffic, trains, planes) • staff • Plans & programs • Kohtla- Järve, Muuga harbor • Drafting action plans for Tallinn agglomeration and Ida-Virumaa zone • inform public about air quality and pollution episodes (http://mail.klab.ee/seire/airviro)

41. Thank you for your attention! Tarmo.pauklin@klab.ee