1 / 11

history.hku.hk/undergraduate/ hist2134course.html

HIST2134 The Third Reich through Documents, 1933-1945 Spring Semester 2013 Lecture: Tuesday 3.30-4.20 (CPD-3.22) Seminar (5 Feb-): Tuesday 4.30–5.20 (CPD-3.27). http://www.history.hku.hk/undergraduate/ hist2134course.html. HIST2134 The Third Reich through Documents, 1933-1945.

sun
Télécharger la présentation

history.hku.hk/undergraduate/ hist2134course.html

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HIST2134The Third Reich through Documents, 1933-1945Spring Semester 2013Lecture: Tuesday 3.30-4.20 (CPD-3.22) Seminar (5 Feb-): Tuesday 4.30–5.20 (CPD-3.27) http://www.history.hku.hk/undergraduate/ hist2134course.html

  2. HIST2134The Third Reich through Documents, 1933-1945 Lecture 2: Adolf Hitler and the Rise of Nazism, 1889-1933 29 January 2013

  3. Adolf Hitler: Youth • * 20 April 1889, Braunau am Inn (Austria) • 1892 in Passau (Bavaria, Germany) • 1895 in Linz(Lower Austria) • 1903 in Vienna ►Hamann, Brigitte, Hitler’s Vienna (1999) = His Anti-Semitism probably acquired in Vienna, hotbed of religious prejudice and racism

  4. Hitler: Soldier • 1913 in Munich(Bavaria, Germany) • 1914 War volunteer in World War I with Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 • 1914 Iron Cross Second Class • 1916 Wounded in Battle of the Somme • 1918 Temporarily blinded by mustard gas • 1918 Iron Cross First Class = Embittered over collapse of war effort

  5. 1919 Appointed intelligence agent of Reichswehr reconnaissance commando to infiltrate DAP (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei = German Workers’ Party) • 1919 Attracted by DAP in Munich: Member No. 55 (Oct), not member no. 7 Forged copy of Adolf Hitler's membership card in the German Worker Party (DAP), which would later become the NSDAP. His membership number was actually 55.

  6. Anti-Republicans on the Right German National People’s Party (DNVP) Early German People’s Party (DVP) Propagated stab-in-the-back legend Saw war defeat as Jewish/Leftist/Bolshevist conspiracy Wanted back monarchy Demanded strictly revisionist foreign policy Opposed to fulfilment of Versailles Treaty

  7. Adolf Hitler: Party politician • 1920/21 DAP renamed in NSDAPNationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei = National Socialist German Workers’ Party: Swastika (Hakenkreuz) as party emblem + Völkischer Beobachter (Racial Observer) as party organ • 24.2.1920: Twenty-Five Point Program: A combination of nationalist, socialist, anti-capitalist, anti-Semitic ideas • 29.7.1921: First chairman of NSDAP →Wide powers → Important group of supporters: Rosenberg, Hess, Göring, Amann

  8. Hitler Putschor: Beer-Hall Putsch, 8 Nov 1923 • Unsuccessful attempt of Hitler & Ludendorff to seize power for NS party • Amazing achievement of political nobody = Sentenced to 5 years imprisonment = Released after 8 months only = Wrote first part of autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

  9. NSDAP’s ‘new founding’ (1925) 3 new principles after Hitler’s come-back : • Legal tactics instead of putsch to achieve mass mobilisation of voters • Centralised structure to be distinct from competing rightist parties + to place party army SA (Storm Troopers/Brown Shirts) fully under Hitler • Absolute obedient tool of Hitler = Hitler as NSDAP dictator called Führer

  10. Crisis of Democracy, 1929-32:3 factors  Mass unemployment (≥ 6 million)  ‘Presidential government’: Art. 53 of Weimar Constitution ► First step into authoritarian regime ► Shift of power from parliament to government ► Democracy already at stake  NSDAP election wins = Gradual demise of Weimar Republic

  11. Hitler’s Way to Power:8 explanations • Political: Versailles Treaty • Economic: Economic crises • Institutional: Weimar constitution • Sociological: Lower middle class • Ideological: Authoritarian tradition • Marxist: Necessary crisis of capitalism • Mass psychology: Propaganda • Personality: Hitler

More Related