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Overview Of: MEXICO CENTRAL AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA

Overview Of: MEXICO CENTRAL AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA. Mrs. Price November 2007. History and Culture of Mexico. Read to Discover What were the cultures of Mexico like before the Spanish arrived? How did Spanish control change Mexico? What has Mexico’s history been like since independence?.

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Overview Of: MEXICO CENTRAL AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA

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  1. Overview Of:MEXICOCENTRAL AMERICASOUTH AMERICA Mrs. Price November 2007

  2. History and Culture of Mexico Read to Discover • What were the cultures of Mexico like before the Spanish arrived? • How did Spanish control change Mexico? • What has Mexico’s history been like since independence?

  3. Early Cultures of Mexico • Many cultures existed, each with its own language and customs. • Farmers grew beans, corn, peppers, and squash. • Complex civilizations—Maya, Olmec, Toltec, Zapotec—had large city centers. • The Aztecs created an empire and a great capital city, Tenochtitlán, in south central Mexico.

  4. Question What changes occurred in Mexico during the colonial period?

  5. Religion Population Government Farming Disease Many indigenous people were killed by European diseases. Small communal ejidos were replaced by large haciendas. Aztec Empire was replaced by a Spanish colonial government. Mestizos became the largest segment of the population. Most people were converted to Roman Catholicism. • History and Culture

  6. Mexico since Independence • After independence (1821), powerful families still in control • Northern territory lost in 1848 after war with United States • Late 1800s—Foreign investment fueled economic growth, inequality • Mexican Revolution (1910–1920)—Some reform, but power remained in few hands • Modern economy open to foreign business • Increasingly urban and industrial, with large tourist industry • Society changing rapidly; more democratic politics

  7. Mexico Today Read to Discover • What are the economic and cultural regions of Mexico? • What challenges face Mexico?

  8. Mexico Today Mexico’s Regions • Greater Mexico City—cultural, economic, political center • Central Mexico—fertile farm area; Guadalajara second-largest city • Gulf Lowlands—hot and humid; economy based on farming, ranching, trade, oil production • Southern Mexico—Yucatán and Chiapas highlands; Mayan areas, subsistence farming • Northern Mexico—more prosperous; industry centered in Monterrey; commercial agriculture, tourism

  9. Mexico Today Challenges for the Future Resolving Economic Inequality ReducingCrime Improving Infrastructure • Result of widespread poverty • Main route for drug smuggling into the United States • Government corruption • Lack of clean water and modern sewers • Many roads and railways out of date • Difficult to move goods to market • Poverty • Wealth in the hands of a few people • Few opportunities for Mexican Indians • Loss of skilled laborers through migration

  10. Central America Read to Discover • How does Central America’s history continue to shape the region today? • What economic, political, and social conditions exist in the region?

  11. Central America Central America’s Cultural Heritage • Catholicism • Unequal distribution of wealth • Spanish colonists introduced Spanish-style architecture and town planning • Mestizos a major ethnic group • Spanish language

  12. Central America Economic, Political, and Social Conditions • Commercial export agriculture, with strong foreign influence • Powerful families control society, government, military • Widespread poverty and inequality causing emigration, unrest • El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala—Violence, civil war • Honduras—Poorest country; rough terrain, lack of development • Panama—Variety of conditions, from wilderness jungle to modern industry • Costa Rica—Greatest stability, highest standard of living

  13. The Caribbean Read to Discover • What are some important events in the history of the Caribbean? • What cultural and population patterns are found in the region? • What activities support the economies of the Caribbean countries?

  14. I'm Sorry... Akon I'm sorry that it took so long to seeThey were dead wrong trying to put it on meI'm sorry that it took so long to speakBut I was on tour with Gwen StefaniI'm sorry for the hand that she was dealtFor the embarrassment that she feltJust a little young girl trying to have funHer daddy should never let her out that youngI'm sorry for Club Zen getting shut downI hope they manage better next time aroundHow was I to know she was underagein a 21 and older club they sayWhy doesn't anybody wanna take blameverizon out back disgracing my nameI'm just a singer trying to entertainBecause I love my fans I'll take that blameEven though the blame's on you [3x]I'll take that blame from youAnd you can put that blame on me [2x]You can put that blame on meAnd you can put that blame on me

  15. The Caribbean • Columbus’s arrival in 1492 began Spanish colonization. • British, Dutch, and French competed for control. • Europeans created plantations based on slave labor. • Haiti gained independence in 1804. • U.S. took Cuba and Puerto Rico from Spain in the Spanish-American War of 1898. • Many Caribbean islands remained colonies until the mid-1900s. Important Events in Caribbean History

  16. The Caribbean Question What nations have influenced the culture of countries in the Caribbean?

  17. The Caribbean Cultural Influence in the Caribbean • African—Most countries, notably Haiti and Jamaica • American—Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands • Asian—Trinidad and Tobago, others • British—Several countries

  18. The Caribbean Cultural Influence in the Caribbean • Dutch—Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, others • Caribbean Indian—Dominica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, others • French—Several countries, notably Haiti • Spanish—Several countries, notably Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic

  19. The Caribbean Cultural Patterns • Mainly of European and African descent • Asian immigrants influence some countries (Trinidad and Tobago) • Small Caribbean Indian population • Language—Based on colonial history (Spanish, English, French, Dutch, creole) • Religion—Catholic, Protestant, African, Hindu, Islamic

  20. The Caribbean • 70% of the population lives in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic • Largest city is Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic’s capital • Rapid population growth produces unemployment, emigration, urbanization Population Patterns

  21. The Caribbean Economic Activities • Except for Cuba (command economy), market economies dominate the region. • Caricom, the Caribbean Community and Common Market, was developed to promote industry and trade. • Agricultural exports are the key activity: sugar, bananas, cacao, citrus, spices. • Mining is important in some countries. • Puerto Rico has developed industry based on U.S. policies. • Tourism is important throughout the region.

  22. History and Culture of South America Read to Discover • What were some important events in the early history of South America? • How did the colonial era and independence affect South America? • What are some important features of South America’s cultures?

  23. Brazil Cristo Redentor (Christ the Redeemer) opens his arms wide as if to embrace all of Rio de Janeiro.

  24. History and Culture Question How did the colonial period and independence affect South America?

  25. Independence Colonization Inca conquered Lands taken by Europeans European animals and agricultural products introduced Death of indigenous people from European diseases and conquest Dictatorships supported by wealthy families Military coups and political instability Countries still isolated Borders still on colonial boundaries • History and Culture Causes and Effects in South America’s History

  26. Chile • Torres del Paine's granite peaks, pristine lakes, and massive glaciers awe visitors to this World Biosphere Reserve.

  27. History and Culture Cultural Features • Great Ethnic Variety—Mixed-race, European, American Indian, African, East Indian, Japanese • Language—Reflects colonization; Indian languages still spoken • Religion—Majority Roman Catholic; also Hinduism, Islam, traditional indigenous religions • Traditional Culture, despite change

  28. South America Today Read to Discover • What is the economy of South America like today? • What are South American cities like? • What issues and challenges face the people of South America?

  29. South America Today Economy Cities Issues • Poverty • Amazon rain forests being cleared for farming and ranching • Soil exhaustion and overgrazing threatening the land • Border disputes, terrorism, and political corruption • Developing or middle-income countries • Agriculture, subsistence and commercial farming • Wide range of industrial products • Mercosur important free trade group • Large parts of each country’s population living in big cities • Rural-urban migration • Urban poor living in slums that surround the city • Crime and lack of services in these areas

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