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How do we know what we know?

How do we know what we know?. ‘The greatest obstacle to progress is not the absence of knowledge but the illusion of knowledge.’. Daniel Boorstin , 1914-2004. How do you view your world? Why?. http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/derek_sivers_weird_or_just_different.html.

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How do we know what we know?

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  1. How do we know what we know? ‘The greatest obstacle to progress is not the absence of knowledge but the illusion of knowledge.’ Daniel Boorstin, 1914-2004

  2. How do you view your world? Why? http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/derek_sivers_weird_or_just_different.html

  3. http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/wade_davis_on_endangered_cultures.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/wade_davis_on_endangered_cultures.html ‘The world in which we live does not exist in an absolute sense, but is just one model of reality’

  4. Representation is not reality ‘We usually attribute resemblance to things which may or may not have a common nature. We say ‘as alike as two peas in a pod’ and we say, just as easily, that the fake resembles the authentic. This so-called resemblance consists of relations of comparison, whose similarities are perceived by the mind when it examines, evaluates and composes. Likeness is not concerned with ‘common sense’ or with defying it, but only with spontaneously assembling shapes from the world of appearance in an order given by inspiration.’ – René Magritte

  5. We are surrounded by knowledge claims. Many are misguided and some even dangerous.

  6. We make sense of the world through various ‘ways of knowing’. LANGUAGE PERCEPTION Ways of knowing EMOTION REASON Yet, can we ever know anything with certainty?

  7. Language: How do you know that Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1969?

  8. Perception: How do you know which line is longest? Colour blindness: not everyone perceives the world in the same way.

  9. Emotion: How do you know what is right or wrong? Can you feel it?

  10. I fit into my pyjamas, my pyjamas fit into my suitcase, so why don’t I fit in my suitcase? Reason: How do we know if (wrong) reasoning leads us to reasonable knowledge claims?

  11. This could lead to Radical doubt or Relativism

  12. Radical doubt What can we believe? Do you think you could be dreaming right now? Is it desirable to question everything all the time?

  13. Relativism

  14. Neither radical doubt nor relativism are desirable positions from a TOK perspective.

  15. Rather than asking ourselves what we should believe, we should ask ourselves: How should we believe? Danger of gullibility Danger of scepticism

  16. We should ask ourselves if knowledge claims we come across in our daily lives are reasonable. Later on in the course we will develop these reflections into Evidence Positive evidence Argument ad ignorantium Knowledge Issues ‘Ghosts exists because no one has proved that they do not.’

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