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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. Chemical Formula – type of notation made with numbers and chemical symbols indicates the composition of a compound indicates the number of atoms in one molecule Molecule - Bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same element or different elements

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature

  2. Chemical Formula – type of notation made with numbers and chemical symbols • indicates the composition of a compound • indicates the number of atoms in one molecule Molecule - Bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same element or different elements - monatomic molecule – one atom molecules - diatomic molecule – two atom molecules (seven) MEMORIZE Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F

  3. Semi-metals Nonmetals METALS Metals Location: Left side of Periodic Table Properties: Ductile – drawn into wires Malleable – hammered into sheets Metallic Luster – shine Good Conductors of Heat and Electricity Nonmetals Location: Right side of Periodic Table Properties: Brittle Lack Luster – not shiny Poor Conductors of Heat and Electricity Semi-metals Location: Along Stair-step Properties: Have properties of metals and nonmetals also called METALLOIDS Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At

  4. 0 +1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 varies Naming 1. Ionic Compounds – Formed from a metal and a non-metal When a metallic element combines chemically with a non-metallic element to form an ionic compound one or more electrons are transferred from each atom of the metal to one or more atoms of the nonmetal charged atom – ion net charge on compound = 0 Na+1 + Cl-1 NaCl Loses Gains compound electron electron NO CHARGE Cation – positive ion – metal Anion – negative ion - nonmetal Ions Formed

  5. Rules for writing formulas for Ionic Compounds Binary compound – compound formed by two elements Tertiary compound - compound formed by more than two elements Polyatomic ion – groups of atoms of more than one element that carries a charge • bound tightly together • don’t break apart during a chemical reaction, function as a unit 1. Write the symbols – cation first, anion second 2. Determine the charge on the atoms of each element 3. Select subscripts that make the lowest ratio TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE • When using subscripts with polyatomic ions, the formula for the ion is placed in parentheses and the subscript is placed outside the parenthesis Na +1 O -2 Al +3 S -2 K +1 SO4-2 Examples: Sodium Oxide Aluminum Sulfide Potassium Sulfate Ammonium Phosphate Na2O Al2S3 K2SO4 NH4+1 PO4-3 (NH4)3PO4

  6. Naming Ionic Compounds Name the Cation first – Name of the metal the anion is the name of the nonmetal altered by adding the suffix -ide to the root word chlorine  chloride fluorine  fluoride sulfur  sulfide oxygen  oxide phosphorus  phosphide etc… Polyatomic name is not altered Some metals can form more than one kind of ion (Type II) Fe, Cu, Co, Sn, Pb, Hg … Stock System – name the metal followed by a roman numeral in parenthesis. The Roman numeral tells the charge. Exception: Mercury (I) = Hg2+2 Examples: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, … NaCl KNO3 MgBr2 CuO Li2SO4 Cu2O K3N SnS2 = sodium chloride = potassium nitrate = magnesium bromide = copper (II) oxide = lithium sulfate = copper (I) oxide = potassium nitride = tin (IV) sulfide

  7. Molecular Compounds 2. Molecular Compounds (molecules) – compounds made from two nonmetals - electrons are shared by two atoms Naming Molecular Prefixes: (MEMORIZE) Mono-1 tetra-4 hepta-7 deca-10 di-2 penta-5 octa-8 tri-3 hexa-6 non-9 prefixes are used with both the first named and second named element. Exception: mono- is not used on the first word second word ends in –ide If a two syllable prefix ends in a vowel, the vowel is dropped before the prefix is attached to a word beginning with a vowel monooxide Writing molecular formulas Translate prefixes Examples: N2O dihydrogen monoxide Si8O5 tetrasulfur hexachloride NH3 carbon monoxide P3I10 carbon dioxide = Dinitrogen monoxide = H2O = Octasilicon pentoxide = S4Cl6 = Nitrogen trihydride = CO = Triphosphorus deciodide = CO2

  8. Naming Acids Acid - has one or more H+1 ions attached to an anion Second Word is Acid If the anion doesn’t contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic attached to the root When the anion contains oxygen, the suffix –ic or -ous is added -ate becomes –ic -ite becomes –ous Writing formulas for acids Balance charges between H+1 and anion. Examples: HCl hydroiodic acid HClO3 hydronitric acid HClO4 nitric acid HClO2 nitrous acid HClO sulfuric acid = Hydrochloric acid = HI = Chloric acid = H3N = Perchloric acid = HNO3 = Chlorous acid = HNO2 = hypochlorous acid = H2SO4

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