Order Carnivora Family Canidae

1. Order CarnivoraFamily Canidae • Large canines • No diastema • Body size large (TL > 68 cm) • Claws not retractile • Face not flat (except for some C. familiaris breeds) • Long legs Vulpes vulpes

2. Canis latransCoyote Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae By Kim Schaefer

3. Canis latrans Identification: Dorsum generally grayish brown, but variable; venter paler; black tip on tail; large, pointed ears; long, slender snout; carry tail angled down; well developed sagittal ridge; prominent V above orbits Skull-160-210 mm TL 1-1.3m; T 30-39 cm http://www.abc-kid.com/coyote/ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Canis_latrans.html

4. Canis latrans Distribution: statewide Also nationwide and beyond -lack of natural predators -very adaptive to human activity Habitat: wide range including forests, clearcuts, woodlots, prairie, farms, etc. Dens- burrows, rock crevices, variable depending on location

5. Canis latrans Diet: rodents, rabbits, livestock, carrion, birds, lizards, amphibians, berries, fruits, plants -Essentially carnivorous, but will eat almost anything. http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/coyotes_pictures.htm

6. Canis latrans Reproduction: annual litter averaging 6 pups -born in the spring after 63 days of gestation -adult size is reached in 6 to 9 months -Sexually mature at 1 year

7. Canis latrans Conservation status: abundant with increasing numbers Other: -good swimmers, but poor climbers -can run up to 40 mph -acute hearing, olfactory -host of rabies -very vocal: howl, yelp, bark and huff http://www.entm.purdue.wildlife/coyote_pictures.htm

8. References: Canis latrans Animal Diversity Web. Canis latrans. Availible at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Canis_latrans.html. October 2004 Jones, J.K, Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

9. Vulpes vulpesRed Fox Dawn Goshorn

10. Description • The red fox is the largest fox in Iowa. • It is roughly the size of a medium dog with a slight build. • The coat is reddish to yellowish dorsally and white ventrally, the feet and tips of ears are black and the tail has a white tip. www.greatescapetravel.com/album/AS2000/pages/red_fox.html

11. Distribution • The fox is widely distributed over North America. • The species was neither widespread or common before settlement. • Their presence in Iowa was not recorded until 1840. http://www.canids.org/SPPACCTS/redfox.htm

12. Reproduction • Average litter is about five pups between March and April. • Both parents build the den and the male provides food for the female until the pups are weaned. • All color variations may be born in one liter.

13. Habitat • Landscapes with open fields and forested areas • It does best in open areas of forest.

14. Diet • Rabbits • Quail and pheasants • Woodchucks • Squirrels • Muskrats • Young eat insects http://www.canids.org/SPPACCTS/redfox.htm

15. Conservation • Declining due to the expansion of coyote populations. • Common to abundant in Iowa.

16. Interesting Facts • Five toes on front feet but only four on back feet. • Pelts have gone for about $ 50 in recent years. • There are silver and black color morphs. • They travel up to 40 miles from their dens.

17. References Rue, Lee L. 1968. Sportsman’s Guide to Game Animals Popular Science Publishing Company, Inc. New York, NY Briney, Elmer C. Jones, J. K. 1988 Handbook of Mammals of the North-Central States University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN Bowels, John B. 1975 Mammals of Iowa Texas Tech Press Lubbock, TX Kays, Roland W. Wilson, Don E. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ

18. Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray Fox

19. Order CarnivoraFamily Canidae Canis Familiaris Domestic Dog

20. Canis Familiaris : Domestic DogAbbie Parker • Identification:There is a large variety of domestic dogs, they have a great variation in coat type, color, and general morphology. • The Chihuahua is the smallest while the Irish Wolfhound is the largest. • Their head and body length ranges from 360-1450 mm, tail length ranges from 130-510 mm, shoulder height ranges from 150-840 mm. The average weight ranges between 1-79 kilograms. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog

21. Canis familiaris • Distribution:There 50 million owned dogs and many more feral dogs. • Feral dogs tend to be found in the country side or in cities where owners abandoned them • Diet: Domestic dogs prefer meat to cereal diets. • They may take food from people, scavenge for food, or actively hunt deer or small mammals. Feral dogs will eat garbage. http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/bioinformatics/mammals/images/Canis_familiaris2.jpg

22. Canis Familiaris • Reproduction:Females have an average gestation period of 63 days. They have on average 3-10 young and will nurse them up to six weeks. • Conservation Status:Domestic Dogs are found everywhere in homes to the wild. http://www.sagarpa.gob.mx/ganaderito/perro/perro5.jpg

23. Canis Familiaris • Habitat:Dogs live wherever they are sheltered. Feral dogs tend to live in the country side, but feral dogs in cities find shelter in vacant buildings, garages, under parked cars and stairways. • The relationship between domesticated dogs and humans dates back to 14,000 years ago. Where this relationship started no one knows for sure! http://www.doghouseplans.com/

24. Canis Familiaris • Other: There are multiple breeds of dogs and historically it is believed that different races of wolves contributed to the ancestry of today’s modern dog. • Many people believe that the American Indians were the first to have domesticated dogs, that they were breed from wolves. Then it is thought that when the Europeans came the brought even more breeds to mate. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/2970/dingo.jpg

25. Bibliography • Norwalk, Ronald M. "Walker's Mammals of the World." Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, & Jackals. 26 Oct 2004 <http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/walkers_mammals_of_the_world/carnivora/carnivora.canidae.canis.html>. • Hubrecht, Robert. Dogs & Dog Housing. 26 Oct 2004 <http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/enrich/dogs.htm>. • Zgurski, Jessie. The Origin of the Domestic Dog, Canis familiaris. 26 Oct 2004 <http://www.ualberta.ca/~jzgurski/dog.htm>.

26. Urocyon cinereoargenteusIdentification • Dorsum gray • Whittish underparts • Black, white, and rufous markings on neck, head, and flanks • Rufous legs • Hairs along middle of back and top of tail are tipped with black http://www.k12.de.us/warner/grayfox.htm

27. Urocyon cinereoargenteusIdentification (continued) • Crepuscular and nocturnal • Smaller than red fox • Total length= 880-1040mm • Tail= 280-370mm • Hind foot= 125-145mm • Ear= 70-80mm • Weight= 3.5-6.5kg http://www.mntrappers.com/grayfox.html

28. Urocyon cinereoargenteusDistribution • Statewide • Southern Canada through most of United States to northern South America. http://www.canids.org/SPPACCTS/greyfox.htm

29. Urocyon cinereoargenteusHabitat • Inhabits mostly wooded areas preferring mixed hardwoods • Rocky and brushy riparian habitats • Favors woodland near farmland borders • Possible of 3-5 foxes in one square mile of good habitat • Home range for males is 336 acres and for females it is around 254 acres

30. Urocyon cinereoargenteusDiet • Omnivore • Small mammals, birds, fish, small reptiles, eggs, rodents, fruits, berries, and corn • Hunt by stalking, dash and grab, jumping onto prey http://www.richard-seaman.com/mammals/Guatemala/

31. Urocyon cinereoargenteusReproduction • Breed December-April • Gestation 51-63 days • 1 litter of 1-7 young • Young weigh ~100grams • Kits have blackish coat with eyes shut for 10-14 days http://www.southwestwildlife.org

32. Urocyon cinereoargenteusReproduction (continued) • Independently forage on own after 4 months • Dens are less conspicuous than red fox • Den sites: hollow logs or trees, crevices in rocks, caves, and in piles of brush and wood, abandoned buildings, underground burrows • Live up to 10-15 years

33. Urocyon cinereoargenteusConservation status • Abudant http://www.stat.ma.us/dfwele/dfw/Dfw_foxes.htm

34. Urocyon cinereoargenteusOther • Run up to 26 mph for short distances • Only member of canine family to climb trees • Have been found 60 ft above ground in squirrel an hawk nests http://www.stevenrotsch.com

35. Urocyon cinereoargenteusOther (continued) • Furbearer • Territorial • Communication by scent, body posturing, and sound

36. Urocyon cinereorargenteusReferences Jones, J.K. Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbbok of Mammals of the North-Central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Kays, R.W. and K.E. Wilson, 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Mammels of Texas. Common Gray Fox. Available at http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot/uroccine.htm The Cyber Zoomobile. Gray Fox. Available at http://home.globalcrossing.net/`brendel/fox.html

37. Order CarnivoraFamily Procyonidae • Large canines • No diastema • Claws not retractile • Bushy, ringed tail Procyon lotor

38. Procyon lotorRaccoon Patty Morgan http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu

39. Procyon lotor: raccoon • Identification: Grizzled gray/brown, darkest dorsally, with black mask on face and 4-7 black rings on tail. 4-15 kg, up to 48lbs in north 24-37 inches in total length Nocturnal http://rosswarner.com/raccoon.html

40. Procyon lotor: raccoon • Distribution: Southern Canada throughout United States Statewide in Iowa • Habitat: Woodlands near water, urban and farmland www.lioncrusher.com/animal

41. Procyon lotor: raccoon • Diet: Omnivorous- fruits, corn, invertebrates, small vertebrates, eggs • Reproduction: One litter per year; 1-8 young, young stay with mother for one year, Den in trees, underground burrows, abandoned buildings http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu

42. Procyon lotor: raccoon • Conservation status: Common in Iowa, population growing as raccoons adapt to urban areas • Other: Hunted for fur Life span of 3-4 years, Can carry diseases and parasites, Seen as a pest to farmers and in urban areas http://www.furcenter.com

43. Procyon lotor: raccoonDamage from raccoons www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/raccoon_pictures.htm

44. References Animal Diversity Web. The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Available at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Procyon_lotor.html. October 2004. eNature.com. National Wildlife Federation. Available at http://www.enature.com. October 2004. Jones, J.K, Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1998. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneaopolis. Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.