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Eco-Efficiency of Take-Back and Recycling A comprehensive and quantitative approach

Eco-Efficiency of Take-Back and Recycling A comprehensive and quantitative approach. Jaco Huisman, Ab Stevels. Outline. Methodology QWERTY: Recyclability from an environmental perspective? EE: Eco-Efficiency: Relation environment and economics? Requirements Examples

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Eco-Efficiency of Take-Back and Recycling A comprehensive and quantitative approach

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  1. Eco-Efficiency of Take-Back and RecyclingA comprehensive and quantitative approach Jaco Huisman, Ab Stevels

  2. Outline • Methodology • QWERTY: Recyclability from an environmental perspective? • EE: Eco-Efficiency: Relation environment and economics? • Requirements • Examples • Eco-efficiency directions • Conclusions

  3. Why QWERTY? (Quotes for environmentally Weighted RecyclabiliTY) • General Idea: • Replace ‘weight’ by ‘environmental weight’: • Environmental value of disposed products • Optimal recycling routes • Priorities of different materials • How effective are proposed recycling targets and treatment rules? • Environmental description of the end-of-life chain

  4. QWERTY: Basic Idea

  5. Authorities/ Legislators Meaningful criteria Policy per product category Monitor performance Designer Evaluate (re)design NGO’s/ Customer organizations Green demands and corresponding price tags Producers Calculate End-of-Life costs Audit recyclers Consumers Environmental value for money Recyclers Calculate tariffs Technology improvement Why Eco-Efficiency of End-of-Life? Economic description of the end-of-life chain

  6. How to Quantify Eco-Efficiency?

  7. Requirements • Data (Dutch take-back system): • Product compositions • Disassembly/ shredding and separation • LCA methods and standard databases • Collection rates, transport distances, costs • Recovery processes: metal smelters etc. • Final waste processing: emissions and penalties

  8. Examples • ‘Weight’ (MRE) versus ‘Environmental Weight’ (QWERTY) • Contribution of processes • Plastic recycling or separate treatment of cellular phones • Design strategies • Plastic recycling versus size of housings

  9. Weight composition QWERTY composition WEIGHT ENVIRONMENTAL WEIGHT Contribution of materials (cellular phone)

  10. Contribution of processes (cellular phone)

  11. Plastic recycling and separate treatment (cellular phone)

  12. Design Strategies (DVD player)

  13. Plastic recycling versus size of housings

  14. Eco-efficiency directions

  15. Eco-efficiency directions: ENCOURAGE • Direction: • Increase collection rates precious dominated products • Separate collection system for precious dominated products • Plastic recycling large sized housings, already disassembled

  16. Eco-efficiency directions: AVOID • Direction: • Incineration without energy recovery • Residue fractions with low plastic content send to the cement industry

  17. Eco-efficiency directions: BALANCE High priority Low priority

  18. Conclusions (Policy Strategies) Problem: End-of-life treatment has to do with material compositions and not with categories Solution: Review (current EU) policy strategies • Drastically review recycling targets • Apply differentiated collection rates • Apply certain outlet rules • Discard most of the current treatment rules and apply certain new ones

  19. Further applications • Audit and improve recycler performance • Monitoring take-back systems as a whole • Evaluate design strategies and life-cycle perspective • Award good ecodesign of individual products in a collective system • Broader regional and product scope

  20. More information about this presentation or the Ph.D. thesis:J.Huisman@io.tudelft.nl

  21. Extra Slides

  22. Contribution of materials (DVD player) Weight composition Environmental weight composition

  23. Environmental contribution of processes

  24. Example: Environmental impacts/ stage

  25. Example: DVD player, Integral Costs Excluding consumer to retailer/ municipality costs (to EUR 1,66)

  26. DVD player: Eco-efficiency direction ENCOURAGE

  27. Evaluation of Redesign DVD player

  28. Soundmachine: Plastic Recycling? (EI’99) BEST CASE! (under economies of scale realized)

  29. Soundmachine: Material Selection

  30. Glass recycling 17”Monitor? (15 kg, glass: 9,5 kg; increase glass recycling 15% to 70%)

  31. Prediction eco-efficiency different products

  32. Changing Logistics: ‘Pick-up on demand’

  33. Conclusions (Methodology) • An end-of-life chain approach and evaluation is the first requirement • It is possible to monitor eco-efficiency of take-back systems and single products quantitatively • It is possible to quantify the contribution of different actors and stakeholders • It is possible to set priorities regarding materials and end-of-life options (where to invest first?) • It is possible to quantify how much “environmental improvement” for “money invested” is realized

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