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The Activity Series

The Activity Series. K. Na. Li. No, Ni is below Na. Ca. Yes, Li is above Zn. Mg. Al. Zn. Yes, Al is above Cu. Fe. Ni. Sn. Pb. Yes, Fe is above Cu. H. Cu. Hg. Ag. Au. We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO 4  Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Li + H 2 O  LiOH + H 2

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The Activity Series

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  1. The Activity Series

  2. K Na Li No, Ni is below Na Ca Yes, Li is above Zn Mg Al Zn Yes, Al is above Cu Fe Ni Sn Pb Yes, Fe is above Cu H Cu Hg Ag Au We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO4 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 Li + H2O  LiOH + H2 The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions. Metals near the top are most reactive and will displace metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4 Ni + NaCl  Li + ZnCO3 Al + CuCl2 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3

  3. K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au cold H2O hot H2O H2 can be given off when a metal reacts with H2O or an acid. The reaction with H2O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: Will Mg react with H2O? steam A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O  H2 + Mg(OH)2 acid Q: Zn + HCl  H2 + ZnCl2 Complete these reactions: Al + H2O(steam)  Cu + H2O  Ca + H2SO4 Na + H2O  H2 + Al(OH)3 NR H2 + CaSO4 H2 + NaOH

  4. Other Activity Series Information • All metals have a specific place in the activity series. Only the most common metals are shown. • The metals near the top of the activity series are more reactive because their valence electrons are more easily removed. • On tests and exams the activity series may appear as K, Na, … Ag, Au; you must remember that K is reactive, Au is not. • If the valence of a metal is not indicated, use its most common valence to determine the correct chemical formula.

  5. Oxides K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au The formation and behavior of oxides can also be predicted via the activity series. Complete these reactions: Ca + O2 Au + O2 Fe2O3+ H2 Oxides form via the addition of oxygen: K + O2 K2O Oxides plus H2 (with heat) will change to metal and H2O: NiO + H2 Ni + H2O heat CaO Oxides decompose with heat: HgO  Hg+O2 NR heat heat Fe + H2O

  6. Sample Problem 8-6 • Use the activity series on page 266 (Table 8-3) • Zn(s) + H2O(l) Zn(s) + H2O(l)  NR • Sn(s) + O2(g)  Sn(s) + O2(g)  SnO • Balance!

  7. Cd(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Cd(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Cd(NO3)2 + Pb(s) • Cu(s) + HCl(aq)  Cu(s) + HCl(aq)  NR

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