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Forgetting and Amnesia

Forgetting and Amnesia. Problems with Recall. What were the three Rs of Retrieval? Recognition, Recall, Relearning Recall expects us to pull info “out of thin air,” which can lead to a lot of error. Problems with Recall.

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Forgetting and Amnesia

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  1. Forgetting and Amnesia

  2. Problems with Recall • What were the three Rs of Retrieval? • Recognition, Recall, Relearning • Recall expects us to pull info “out of thin air,” which can lead to a lot of error

  3. Problems with Recall • Reconstructive Processes: problems with accurately recalling info because of simplification, enrichment or distortion of the info because of your experiences, attitudes, or inferences • Ex. Your memory of falling out of the tree as a kid distorts to the story of your brother pushing him because of your more recent fights with him.

  4. Problems with Recall • Memories are often reconstructed through our thinking, which is determined by language • How a question is asked can impact our memory recall. • Ex. when asked to estimate how fast two cars were travelling before an accident, the word used to describe the impact matters • Hit  34 mph • Smashed  41 mph

  5. Forgetting • Failure to retrieve memories, due to decay, interference, or (possibly) repression • Decay: the fading away of memories over time • Items in sensory memory & short term fade quick • Interference: memory being blocked or erased by a different memory • Remembering your new address can block your old one • Repression: Freud’s idea of unconsciously blocking old, negative memories

  6. Amnesia • Amnesia: Loss of memory due to a blow to the head, brain damage, or possibly drug use. • Psychologists are unsure why we have “infant amnesia,” inability to recall many memories from 2-3 years old • May be that those memories are not encoded in language • May be lack of brain development (hippocampus [which processes memories] develops more slowly) • Repression (thanks again, Freud)

  7. Amnesia: the loss of memory • Retrogradeamnesia: Old memories are lost • Can be for a short or long period of time • Seems to be the set-up of way to many movies, TV shows, and video games… • Anterogradeamnesia: the inability to form new long-term memories • Usually caused by some damage to the hippocampus

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