New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.E.–1769 C.E.

1. Chapter 1 New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.E.–1769 C.E.

2. Question Which of the following represents proof that a single continent once existed? • Discovery of evidence that a major land-bridge connected Asia and North America 35,000 years ago • Discovery of nearly identical species of fish in freshwater lakes around the world • Discovery of evidence suggesting that a single freshwater lake once covered much of present-day North America • Discovery of the Canadian shield and its undergirding of ancient rock

3. Answer Which of the following represents proof that a single continent once existed? • Discovery of evidence that a major land-bridge connected Asia and North America 35,000 years ago • Discovery of nearly identical species of fish in freshwater lakes around the world (correct) • Discovery of evidence suggesting that a single freshwater lake once covered much of present-day North America • Discovery of the Canadian shield and its undergirding of ancient rock Hint: See page 4.

4. Question It is estimated that the population of North and South America in 1492, was roughly • 2,000. • 15,000. • 4 million. • 54 million.

5. Answer It is estimated that the population of North and South America in 1492, was roughly • 2,000. • 15,000. • 4 million. • 54 million. (correct) Hint: See page 8.

6. Question Monk’s Mound, which rivaled in size the pyramids of Egypt, was created by the Native Americans of • Cahokia, in the Ohio River Valley. • the Pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley. • Navajo and Apache of the Southwest. • hunter-gatherers of highland Mexico.

7. Answer Monk’s Mound, which rivaled in size the pyramids of Egypt, was created by the Native Americans of • Cahokia, in the Ohio River Valley. (correct) • the Pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley. • Navajo and Apache of the Southwest. • hunter-gatherers of highland Mexico. Hint: See page 10.

8. Question Three-sister farming in the southeastern Atlantic seaboard region of North America included all of the following vegetables EXCEPT • beans. • manioc. • cornstalks. • squash.

9. Answer Three-sister farming in the southeastern Atlantic seaboard region of North America included all of the following vegetables EXCEPT • beans. • manioc. (correct) • cornstalks. • squash. Hint: See page 10.

10. Question Indirect discoverers of the Americas include all of the following EXCEPT • Christian Crusaders. • Muslim “middlemen.” • Norse seafarers. • the Italian adventurer Marco Polo.

11. Answer Indirect discoverers of the Americas include all of the following EXCEPT • Christian Crusaders. • Muslim “middlemen.” • Norse seafarers. (correct) • the Italian adventurer Marco Polo. Hint: See page 11.

12. Question Europeans gained direct access to sub-Saharan Africa because • Portuguese navigators began to creep down the West African coast in the middle of the fifteenth century. • African gold crossed the Sahara on camelback. • Mali had an impressive Islamic university at Timbuktu. • Arab merchants and Africans traded slaves.

13. Answer Europeans gained direct access to sub-Saharan Africa because • Portuguese navigators began to creep down the West African coast in the middle of the fifteenth century. (correct) • African gold crossed the Sahara on camelback. • Mali had an impressive Islamic university at Timbuktu. • Arab merchants and Africans traded slaves. Hint: See pages 11–12.

14. Question The Portuguese mariner who rounded the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 was • Giovanni Caboto. • Vasco da Gama. • Bartholomeu Días. • Giovanni da Verrazano.

15. Answer The Portuguese mariner who rounded the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 was • Giovanni Caboto. • Vasco da Gama. • Bartholomeu Días. (correct) • Giovanni da Verrazano. Hint: See page 13.

16. Question All of the following were reasons for European’s voyages of discovery EXCEPT • demand for more and cheaper products from the lands beyond the Mediterranean. • Portuguese mariners had demonstrated that long-range ocean navigation was possible. • cheap slave labor from Africa made European labor obsolete. • financing available due to the unity, wealth, and power of Spain’s modern national state.

17. Answer All of the following were reasons for European’s voyages of discovery EXCEPT • demand for more and cheaper products from the lands beyond the Mediterranean. • Portuguese mariners had demonstrated that long-range ocean navigation was possible. • cheap slave labor from Africa made European labor obsolete. (correct) • financing available due to the unity, wealth, and power of Spain’s modern national state. Hint: See page 14.

18. Question Native Americans earned a measure of revenge for the devastating effects of European colonization by introducing Europeans to • smallpox. • yellow fever. • malaria. • syphilis.

19. Answer Native Americans earned a measure of revenge for the devastating effects of European colonization by introducing Europeans to • smallpox. • yellow fever. • malaria. • syphilis. (correct) Hint: See page 16.

20. Question All of the following were true of Cortés’ conquest of the Aztec Empire EXCEPT • victory was possible because Cortés had more warriors than Moctezuma. • it was aided by a smallpox epidemic. • temples of Tenochtitlán were destroyed to make way for the Christian cathedrals. • the native population of Mexico shrank from 20 million to 2 million in less than a century.

21. Answer All of the following were true of Cortés’ conquest of the Aztec Empire EXCEPT • victory was possible because Cortés had more warriors than Moctezuma. (correct) • it was aided by a smallpox epidemic. • temples of Tenochtitlán were destroyed to make way for the Christian cathedrals. • the native population of Mexico shrank from 20 million to 2 million in less than a century. Hint: See page 22.