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Victoria Ricci

&. Victoria Ricci. CCOT Project. Period 4. Why Hollywood?. The film industry actually began in the East Coast near New York, but moved to California because…… Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce had incentives to move to the West Coast Sunshine for good lighting Potentially-cheap labor force

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Victoria Ricci

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  1. & Victoria Ricci CCOT Project Period 4

  2. Why Hollywood? The film industry actually began in the East Coast near New York, but moved to California because…… • Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce had incentives to move to the West Coast • Sunshine for good lighting • Potentially-cheap labor force • Inexpensive land for studio construction • Varied landscapes for films

  3. The Film Companies Originally, all film industries were independent, but the merging of several key companies resulted in the “Big Five” of Hollywood film. • Warner Brothers • Famous Players-Lasky Corporation (Paramount) • RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum) • Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) • 20th Century Fox

  4. Censorship • Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) – requested that studios voluntarily submit story material for evaluation of decency and good taste (1920’s) • 1930 “Code of Production” – used ideas of MPPDA and oversaw the issues of vulgarity, obscenity, etc. in movies • Bureau of Motion Pictures (BMP) – FDR wanted just enough censorship to maintain national security (early 1940’s)

  5. Censorship Continued • MPPDA changes it’s name to “The Motion Picture Association of America” in 1945 • Production Code lifts all restrictions in the 1950’s except for nudity, etc. • In 1968, Jack Valenti founded the voluntary film rating system. This system allowed writers to have creative freedom, while at the same time informing the public (especially parents) about the film’s content

  6. Movie Theaters • Nickelodeons – programs for a nickel that lasted 10-30 minutes (1910’s) • Shorts – clip shown before movie that always ended in a cliffhanger to encourage audiences to come back the next week, such as the “Perils of Pauline” • “Mickey Mouse Clubs” for kids in the 1930’s • Giveaways at movie theaters throughout the 1930’s-1940’s – had to go each week to obtain new part of set (dish sets, etc.)

  7. Film Lengths Until 1912, producers and exhibitors always insisted audiences couldn’t sit through films longer than a single reel (15 minutes), but eventually….. • longer films from Europe emerged and began to encourage more reels per film • 2-4 reel films began to replace 1-reel films, especially with the urging of Adolph Zukor • these longer films became known as ‘Feature Films’

  8. Hollywood Abroad • After WWI, 90% of all films shown in foreign countries were American • During the early 1940’s, Hollywood begins to dub its most recent films in French/Italian for distribution after the war • Throughout the 1950’s, major Hollywood studios began to earn more abroad than domestically

  9. Evolution of the Scary Movie • Dracula (1931) • The Wolf Man (1941) • Psycho (1960) • Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) • The Hills Have Eyes (2006)

  10. The Golden Age • Time period from the early 1930’s to the late 1960’s • Transition from war-based materials to more light-hearted musicals (take people’s minds off the war) • The Wizard of Oz (1939) • The Little Princess (1939) • Royal Wedding (1951) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLgNR0_ck1E&feature=fvsr • Singin’ in the Rain (1952) • My Fair Lady (1964)

  11. Advancements in Special Effects • King Kong (1933) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBmlaDBVRik • The Blob (1958) • Jaws (1975) • Titanic (1997) • Avatar (2009) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1_JBMrrYw8

  12. Notable Films • The Great Train Robbery (1903) • Gone with the Wind (1939) • African Queen (1951) • Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) • Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961) • The King’s Speech (2011)

  13. And the Oscar Goes to…… • Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded in 1927 by 36 producers, directors, actors, etc. (Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks were two of the first founders) • First Academy Awards were held at the Roosevelt Hotel on May 16, 1929 • The Oscars were first televised in 1953, and since 1969 have been internationally televised in over 200 foreign countries • The number and types of categories for nominations have grown over the years

  14. Major Innovations in Color and Sound • Silent films were common until the 1920’s, when synchronized sound products such as the Vitaphone and Photophone came into use • The Jazz Singer was the first full-talking film in 1927 • The “ribbon” microphone eliminated extra sound • Technicolor came to dominate the film industry throughout the 1930’s-1940’s • White Christmas • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB1ZD6JKxes • Kodak’s Eastman Color replaced on a large scale during the 1950’s

  15. Animated Films • Walt Disney Productions was leader in animation, with cartoon shorts such as Steamboat Willie in 1928 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4 • Snow White – first full-length animated film in 1937 • Pixar – created from 1984-1986 – features computer-animated films and shorts • Toy Story – first full-length computer-animated film • Geri’s Game – animated short that demonstrates advancements in animated skin and cloth (1997) • http://www.pixar.com/shorts/gg/theater/short_320.html

  16. Bollywood • Bollywood took its name from Bombay (now Mumbai) • Bombay first experienced the art of film in 1896 when the Lumiere Brothers first introduced Cinematography (6 short films) to Bombay • First actual filming in Bombay was by Harischandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar of a local wrestling match

  17. From Silent to Talkies Bollywood’s transition into the talking era brought a continuing tradition of musicals. • Bollywood’s first silent film was Raja Harishchandra (1913) • The first talking film was Alam Ara (1931), which focused on singing rather than dialogue.

  18. The Introduction of Colored Films Despite the fact that colored films were introduced in 1937, they didn’t become popular until the 1950’s due to the existing popularity of black and white films. • Kisan Kanya (1937) was the first colored film to be made in India, and was made by the same producers of Alam Ara (1931)

  19. Singing and Music Live musicians and singers were originally used for on-screen performances, but were eventually replaced by in-studio recordings. • On-screen performances were replaced by professional studio recordings so the music could become a better focus point for the films • This also allowed the actors to focus more on complex dance routines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTPxqUtlLdo

  20. Bollywood Dancing At first, only female leads in Bollywood films were expected to dance, but that changed to large group choreographed dances, which are still widely used today. • Actors and actresses who can dance gracefully are the most popular choices for Bollywood films • Actresses like Aishwarya (starred in the Pink Panther 2), Madhuri, and Karishma are considered some of the best dancers in Bollywood • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh57vIcDqxU

  21. Changes • The film industry moves from the East Coast to Hollywood • Independent film companies merged to create the “Big Five” and other large film companies • From the “Code of Production” that censored movies to free artistic expression with film ratings • Films went from 1 reel (15 minutes) to 3-4 reels (60 minutes) • Hollywood movies began to be produced with foreign language subtitles for distribution in Europe • Scary movies went from just costumes and sets to suspense and gore • There was a transition from war-based material to musicals (1930’s) • Special effects advanced from stop and trick-photography to 3-D computer generation, specialized cameras, and motion-capturing body suits

  22. Changes Continued • The creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the growing number of Oscar categories • The replacement of Technicolor with Kodak’s Eastman Color • The invention of the “ribbon” microphone so extra noise was eliminated • From hand-drawn animations to computer-animated films and shorts • From Bollywood being just introduced to film to it having sound and color films • From only the Bollywood actresses needing to dance to large group choreographies • From live singing performances to professional studio-recorded performances

  23. Sources "Let's Go to the Movies - Technology and Development." MOAH - Museum of American Heritage - Home Page. Museum of American Heritage, 17 Sept. 2001. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. <http://www.moah.org/exhibits/archives/movies/technology_development.html>. Dirks, Tim. "Film History." Greatest Films - The Best Movies in Cinematic History. American Movie Classics, May 1996. Web. 22 Apr. 2011. <http://www.filmsite.org/filmh.html>. "History of the MPAA." Motion Picture Association of America. Motion Picture Association of America, 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2011. <http://www.mpaa.org/>. "Timeline of Motion Pictures." The Picture Show Man. Key Light Enterprises, LLC, 2004. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. <http://www.pictureshowman.com/timeline.cfm>. "History and Organization of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences." Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 2011. Web. 19 Apr. 2011. <http://www.oscars.org/academy/history-organization/index.html>. The Internet Movie Database. The Internet Movie Database, 1990. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. <http://www.imdb.com/>. Wilson, Karina. "Horror Film History — King Kong (1933)." Horror Film History — Introduction. Mediaknowall, 2000. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://www.horrorfilmhistory.com/index.php?pageID=KingKong>. "Titanic." Titanic Movie. Paramount Pictures, 1997. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://www.titanicmovie.com/present/mi_prodnote_4.html>. Auza, Jun. "The Technology Behind Avatar (Movie) | TechSource." Linux, Open Source Software, Gadgets, and All Things Digital - TechSource. TechSource, 27 Jan. 2010. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. <http://www.junauza.com/2010/01/technology-behind-avatar-movie.html>. "History of Bollywood." Bollywood Tour | Bollywood Tour Packages 2010, Mumbai - India. Bollywood Tourism, 2009. Web. 18 Apr. 2011. <http://www.bollywoodtourism.com/bollywood-history>. "History & Milestones of Bollywood Cinema - Timeline - IFC.com." IFC.com – Independent Film Channel – News, Interviews, Schedule & Shows. Independent Film Channel LLC, 2011. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ifc.com/news/bollywood/timeline.php>. "Dance in Bollywood." Best Indian Films. VcodeInfotech, 2010. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. <http://www.bestindianfilms.com/indian-movie-dance-in-bollywood.shtml>.

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