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Unit 3 : United States Imperialism

Unit 3 : United States Imperialism. Imperialism : the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Imperialist Powers Territories. Great Britain France Belgium

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Unit 3 : United States Imperialism

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  1. Unit 3: United States Imperialism Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.

  2. Imperialist PowersTerritories • Great Britain • France • Belgium • Germany • Japan

  3. Imperial Ideology • Nationalism: love of one’s country • Social Darwinism • Western nations are culturally superior over the less industrialized nations • Christian missionaries sought to convert believers of other faiths

  4. Competition for Territory • Industrial Revolution increased wealth of nations • Looked elsewhere for markets & opportunities for investment • Increased trade brought a rise of large navies • Protected trade interests • Social Darwinism justified European expansion

  5. Reach of US Imperialism

  6. South Pacific • Hawaii • Ideally located for coaling stations and bases • Ship trade between U.S. and Asia • Sugar industry grew and gained control • King Kalahauanegotiated treaty making sugar a cheap import to U.S. • After overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani, sugar tycoon Sanford Dole becomes president of Republic of Hawaii.

  7. Far East • China • Spheres of Influence • Geographic area where outside nation exerts special economic or political control • Open Door Policy • Secretary of State John Hay proposed policy • Would give all nations equal trading rights in region • Increased foreign presence led to Boxer Rebellion • Western nations cooperated to put down rebellion

  8. Far East • Japan • Isolated island and unindustrialized • Commodore Matthew Perry • Brought 4 steamships into Tokyo Bay (1853) • Wanted to pressure Japan into opening ports for trade • Quickly became industrialized and military power

  9. Caribbean • Cuba • Unrest between Cubans and Spanish • Series of revolts by Cubans leading to Spanish exiling revolutionary leaders • Jose Marti: NYC writing newspaper articles • Returned to Cuba in 1895, died in revolt becoming instant hero • Spanish General ValerianoWeylerused ruthless tactics to suppress the revolt • Swayed American sentiment to side of rebels

  10. Spanish-American War • USS Maine • Blew up in Havana Harbor killing 260 Americans • No proof, but explosion blamed on Spanish mine • Galvanized U.S. support for war • The Philippines • Commodore George Dewey engaged Spanish fleet in Manila Bay • Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo fighting Spanish on land

  11. Spanish-American War • After Spanish surrender in the Philippines, the war moves to Cuba. • Cuba • U.S. War Department was unprepared for war • Weather • Terrain of the island • Strategy: Gain control of port city of Santiago

  12. Spanish-American War • U.S. wanted to gain control of San Juan & Kettle Hill • Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders helped gain control of the hills • This allowed Americans to have advantage over city of Santiago • U.S. Navy sank the entire Spanish fleet off coast of Cuba

  13. Spanish-American War • America’s victory over Spain elevated the position of the United States in the world • United States gained…… • Cuba from Spain • Territory in Puerto Rico and Guam • Philippines from Spain for $20 million • Territorial gains strengthened military & economic position of United States

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