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What is Physical Science?

What is Physical Science?. Chapter 1.1 Page 6. How We Work through a Chapter. Read the chapter (in class and at home) Discuss the chapter (in class) and take notes Do workbook/reading notes on the chapter (homework) Learn vocabulary words (homework) Reinforcement assignments (homework)

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What is Physical Science?

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  1. What is Physical Science? Chapter 1.1 Page 6

  2. How We Work through a Chapter • Read the chapter (in class and at home) • Discuss the chapter (in class) and take notes • Do workbook/reading notes on the chapter (homework) • Learn vocabulary words (homework) • Reinforcement assignments (homework) • Hands-on labs to reinforce concepts (in class and at home) • Review of the chapter (in class and at home) • Test on the chapter • Workbook/notes on the chapter will be due the day of the test

  3. Section 1:What is Physical Science? • What skills do scientists use to learn about the world? • What do physical scientists study?

  4. What is Science? “Doing Science” or Scientific Inquiry refers to the many ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather. Pose Questions Communicate Form a Hypothesis Design an Experiment Draw Conclusions Collect and Interpret Data

  5. What is Science based on? • Scientists operate with two basic assumptions: • That the universe is consistent and understandable. - it will consistently respond the same way with the same stimulus under the same conditions - imagine what would happen if it responded randomly

  6. What is Science based on? Scientists operate with two basic assumptions: 2. That humans are rational beings and have the ability to discover, learn, and organize knowledge about the universe.

  7. A Short History of Scientific Thinking • The Modern Era - since the Enlightenment (1750s) • The development of the Scientific Method (Francis Bacon) • The emphasis on rationalism – man’s intellect can solve any problem • The emphasis on concrete data – experience is always subject to experimental verification • The emphasis on one truth – therefore the assumption of universal laws • The result is believing Earth is a closed system that could be studied, understood and was governed by certain universal laws of science

  8. The Earth as a Closed System Aliens • Many “Modern” scientists view the Earth as a “Closed System” which operates according to certain regular natural laws. • The Earth is a natural, self-contained space. • This view eliminates consideration of any possible “outside” influences God

  9. Can you be a scientist and still believe in a God?

  10. Scientists Who Saw Things Differently • Scientists who had a different view of the world: • Copernicus • Galileo • Johannes Kepler • Isaac Newton • Blaise Pascal

  11. What is Science? • Science is a way of learning about the natural world. It is also the knowledge gained through that process. As scientists seek to understand the natural world, they use skills such as observing, inferring, and predicting.

  12. Observing • Observing is using one or more of your senses – sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell– to gather information about the world. It is important that observations be: Accurate: an exact report Objective: avoids a personal opinion Examples: • There are five rockets on the shelves. (Accurate and Objective)

  13. Observing • There are some students out on the sidewalk. • There is a cute looking boy walking to the gym. • The car is driving slowly. • There is a lot of traffic.

  14. Observing There are two types of observations: Quantitative – (quantity) These are observations that deal with things that are counted or measured: they deal with numbers. (Information recorded in data tables, etc.) Qualitative – (quality) These are observations that deal with colors, smells, feel without using numbers. (Information recorded in lab journals) • The classroom is yellow. • There are thirty-two students in the classroom.

  15. Observing • On a sheet of paper, from what you can see around the room, record: • Three qualitative observations • Three quantitative observations.

  16. Inferring • An inference is an explanation, interpretation, or conclusion based on an observation. There are more eighth graders in Chico than what are at Marsh. • A good (reasonable) inference: -is based on an accurate observation -makes sense, is reasonable

  17. Inferring Observation: • At lunch, one ladybug that is red with black spots lands on your shoulder. Inference: -All ladybugs are red with black spots. -Red ladybugs live in Chico. -There is only one ladybug in the world. -Ladybugs are not afraid of humans.

  18. Predicting • Predicting means making a forecast of what you think will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence. School starts at 8:05 AM on Monday and Tuesday, what time would you predict that school would start on Friday?

  19. Modeling • Modeling means making a representation of an object or process in order to better understand that object or process. The Bohr model of the atom helps scientists to better explain the structure of an atom.

  20. More on Scientific Thinking • Video: What is Science?

  21. End of Section 1:What is Physical Science?

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