Is Energy Efficiency Up to the Measure?

1. Energy Performance In Buildings Directive Article 9 Mike NankivellMarketing & Business Development Director Space Airconditioning plc Is Energy Efficiency Up to the Measure? 1

2. SPACE AIRCONDITIONING plc UK DAIKIN DISTRIBUTOR Largest Independent Distributor 30 Years 1980 - 2010 Guildford Birmingham Bristol Leeds Manchester Intelligent Distribution Space Air HQ, Guildford

3. Introduction • The 160 million buildings in the EU use over 40% of Europe’s energy and • create over 40% of its carbon dioxide emissions and that proportion is • growing. • Electricity generation has traditionally been based on burning fossil • fuels. • Burning these fuels generates carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and • nitrogen oxide gas emissions. • These gases are known as global warming gases. • The UK has been given challenges to move towards cleaner and more • efficient forms of energy generation and distribution.

4. Content: • Overview of the EPBD • Article 9 - Air Conditioning Inspections • CIBSE Video Clip • Examples of what inspections might reveal • Summary 4

5. Energy Performance of Buildings Directive EPBD 5

6. EPBD - Key Objectives • The 2002 European Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) implicated • most new and existing residential and non-residential buildings, and first • began to be implemented in 2006 through Part L of the Building • Regulations. The Key objectives are to promote: - • Improved energy performance of buildings within the EU. • The union of building energy standards across Member States.

7. EPBD - Main Provisions • A framework method for calculating the energy performance of buildings (SBEM). • Minimum energy performance standards to be set by Member states. • The viability of alternative energy systems to be considered for new buildings • over 1000m2. • Energy Performance Certificates required for buildings built, sold or rented. • Certificate to be accompanied by suggestions for cost effective improvements • to energy performance. • Display Energy Certificates required for Public Buildings Certificate to be positioned in a prominent situation in all public buildings over 1000m2. • Regular inspection of air conditioning required plus the provision of guidelines on best practice in air conditioning use and replacement.

8. Air Conditioning Inspections • Article 9 of the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive requires inspections of air conditioning systems over 12kW rated output every 5 years. • The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) Regulations 2007 - SI 991:2007 implemented Articles 7 – 9 of the Directive (In England and Wales)

9. The Regulations Inspections of air-conditioning systems Systems must be inspected by the relevant date and then every 5 years: Systems installed after 1/1/2008 must be inspected within 5 years of installation Existing systems over 250kW must be inspected by 4/1/2009 Existing systems over 12kW by 4/1/2011

10. Penalties • Building owners failing to meet inspection deadlines face fines: £300 to £5,000 depending on building size/number of infringements (Possible ‘name and shame’ approach) Enforcement by Trading Standards officers (With powers to repeat fines on each recorded infringement) • Potential reduced property values where inspection reports indicate significant improvement recommendations (or no report is available) • Potential for building insurance claims to be void?

11. The Regulations The inspection report must include: • An assessment of the air-conditioning efficiency and the sizing of the system compared to the cooling requirements of the building • Contain appropriate advice on possible improvements to the system, replacement of the system and alternative solutions.

12. The Regulations The inspection report must include the following information: (a) the address of the building in which the system is located. (b) the name of the energy assessor. (c) the name and address of the energy assessor's employer, or if he is self-employed, the name under which he trades and his address. (d) the date on which the inspection occurred. (e) the name of the Approved Accreditation Scheme of which the energy assessor is a member.

13. Background • A joint working group led by CIBSE with ACRIB/IOR, BSRIA, FETA, HVCA and with support from DCLG developed guidance on Article 9 implementation (Inspection of air conditioning systems) • CIBSE TM 44 published in 2007 gives detailed guidance on assessment methodology and reporting

14. Air conditioning systems with over 12kW rated cooling output could comprise: System Types • Individual split systems • Multi-split systems • Centralised systems • Distributed heat pump systems • The rated cooling output of a system may exceed 12kW where a number of individual units of less than 12kW rated output have common control - (electronic or user)

15. Overall Approach • Simplicity of inspection, minimising costs and disturbance to operation • Providing useful advice to owner / operator • Simplest level to identify poor performers • Minimise burden where systems are well maintained • Non-invasive ‘observation’ basis • Minimise risks and potential liabilities to inspector

16. Methodology Two track approach • simple systems – simple inspections • complex systems – a more detailed inspection Broadly, systems with air distribution ductwork (rather than flexible pipes) will require the more detailed inspection

17. Process Three key stages in the inspection: • Off-site paperwork and energy data (if available) • On site examination 3) Report and proposals for possible improvements

18. Basic Procedure • Review existing documentation • Compare maintenance with industry good practice • Inspect system components • Assess controls and settings • Estimate cooling load • Review potential for improvement or alternatives • Report findings and advice

19. Further Information • The CIBSE guide TM44 contains all of the information required for the inspections and includes: • Summary of system types • Checklists • Suggested reporting format • Available from www.cibse.org/publications 19

20. DCLG Information Available from DCLG website http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/airconditioning http://www.communities.gov.uk/archived/publications/planningandbuilding/airconbusinessesguide

21. Maximising Efficiency Opportunities Air Conditioning Inspections will identify: • System design flaws • Equipment/installation standard issues • Maintenance failings • End-user/operator error

22. To see an informative short film “Putting Airconditioning to the Test” go to: http://www.workplacelaw.net/videos/conference_films/AirConditioning.html 22

23. Energy Performance In Buildings Directive Article 9 So…. Is Energy Efficiency Up to the Measure? 23

24. What Air Conditioning Inspections could reveal • An absence of appropriate records • A simple means of reducing carbon • A need to plan for remedial action • Great potential to reduce operating costs • Answers to operating efficiency problems • Let’s look at some examples……..

25. Design

26. Design

27. Installation

28. Maintenance

29. Installation

30. Maintenance

31. End User/Operator

32. End User/Operator

33. End User/Operator

34. End User/Operator

35. Synergies and Benefits Over one third of all air conditioning in buildings in Europe is more than 15 years old. • Synergy between EPBD air conditioning inspections and ODS Regulation. - ref. HCFC Phase-out. • Energy inspections will highlight opportunities to replace older systems covered by other legislation. • Will increase awareness of efficiency advantages of new development in air conditioning technology. • F Gas Regulation also involves mandatory, recorded leak check inspections. • EPBD now intrinsic to Part L Building Regs.

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37. “Non Compliance Costs” campaign is a widely supported CIBSE initiative • Highlight growing concern in the industry re: lack of compliance/enforcement • Objective: to drive government to deliver a more successful approach • Help bldg owner/operators • Identify an enforcement body that can act

38. Summary • Air conditioning inspections represent an opportunity to improve the efficiency of our buildings • Air conditioning inspections are required - by law • Non compliance will cost us all in the long run • Make sure the energy efficiency of our building’s air conditioning systems are: UP TO THE MEASURE

39. Is Energy Efficiency Up to the Measure? Thank you for your attention 39