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Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies

Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies. Sri Lanka & Northern Ireland. What are the consequences of the conflict?. 5.1 Political consequence 5.2 Economic consequence 5.3 Social consequence. Political: Armed Conflict. Tamils made peaceful demands at first

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Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies

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  1. Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies Sri Lanka & Northern Ireland

  2. What are the consequences of the conflict? • 5.1 Political consequence • 5.2 Economic consequence • 5.3 Social consequence

  3. Political: Armed Conflict • Tamils made peaceful demands at first • Federal Party asked for recognition for Tamil areas as a federation • Demands not met. Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) emerges • TULF calls for separate independent state which government rejects • Some Tamils form a militant group called the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)

  4. Political: Armed Conflict • LTTE more popularly known as Tamil Tigers (considered a terrorist organization) • The Tigers have attacked • Sinhalese • Tamils members of the police force • Tamil members/supporters of the ruling party • Tamil politicians who did not support the proposed separate state

  5. Political: Armed Conflict • Sinhalese also committed acts of violence • July 1983 riots saw 14 Sinhalese soldiers killed and sparked a long armed conflict • Armed conflict has lasted more than 20 years and cost more than 60,000 lives

  6. Political: Foreign Intervention • A conflict may attract the attention of another country • That may country may act as a mediator • The country may also send troops to directly solve the conflict

  7. Political: Foreign Intervention • India tried to play mediator after 1983 riots • Foreign Minister sent to mediate • Dialogue failed as parties involved could not reach an agreement

  8. Political: Foreign Intervention • Indian govt sent 20 Indian ships to provide food and fuel to the Tamils (3 June 1987) • Ships turned away by Sri Lankan navy • India tried to air-drop the supplies and violated Sri Lankan airspace

  9. Political: Foreign Intervention • Under pressure from India, Sri Lanka signed a peace accord with India (July 1987)(Peace Accord extract on pg 106) • Tamil Tigers failed to disarm in accordance with Peace Accord • India sent troops to take control of the Tamil Tigers (Oct 1987) • Troops withdrawn in March 1990 after failing to defeat the Tigers

  10. Economic: Unemployment • July 1983 riots led to massive unemployment • Large number of the jobless were Sinhalese • These jobless took to vandalising, looting and burning their places of work

  11. Economic: Loss of Foreign Investments • Foreign Investments for a country's growth • When a country is unstable, investors lose confidence in it • See graph on pg 107 for impact of the conflict on Foreign Investments

  12. Economic: Fall in number of Tourists • Tourism is a major income earner for Sri Lanka • Tourist arrivals decreased steadily after the July 1983 riots • This resulted in a loss of jobs and earnings • The economy was affected and funds were limited for the development of infrastructure

  13. Social: Tamils driven out of their homeland • The conflict caused large-scale displacement of people • Thousands of Tamils fled to Tamil Nadu during the July 1983 riots • 65,000 remain as refugees in India

  14. Social: Tamils driven out of their homeland • Sri Lankan Army set up High Security Zones (HSZ) to keep LTTE away • Large areas of Tamil land occupied by the army • Tamils forced to flee after the army moved in • Many people still live in overcrowded conditions in refugee camps

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