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Outline: Lecture 6

Outline: Lecture 6. Global Energy Dynamics Human Energy Transformation Global Energy Flow Climate Change The Future?. Sources of Human Energy Resources Where do we get energy for: Heating and Cooling Lighting Transportation Industrial Processing Electricity.

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Outline: Lecture 6

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  1. Outline: Lecture 6 Global Energy Dynamics Human Energy Transformation Global Energy Flow Climate Change The Future?

  2. Sources of Human Energy Resources Where do we get energy for: Heating and Cooling Lighting Transportation Industrial Processing Electricity

  3. Electricity Generation Majority of electricity in USA produced using fossil fuel resources

  4. Sources of Human Energy Resources Fossil Fuels: coal, petroleum, natural gas Biomass: wood, grass, dung, ethanol Nuclear: fission (fusion) Wind Hydro Solar Geothermal H Fuel-Cell

  5. Nuclear Energy Nuclear Fission Splitting large atoms in a chain reaction U235 + neutron >>>> unstable U236 >>>> Mo103 + Sn131 + neutrons + heat

  6. Nuclear Energy Nuclear Fission Problem of waste Radioactive Long half-life

  7. Nuclear Fusion Controlled hydrogen bomb Fusing smaller atoms together to form a larger atom and energy Not commercially developed, but conducted briefly under laboratory conditions

  8. Nuclear Fusion This is the same reaction occurring in the core of stars, including the sun Deuterium (H2) + Tritium(H3) >>>> Helium (He4) + neutron + energy Deuterium (H2) + Deuterium (H2) >>>> Helium (He3) + neutron + energy

  9. Nuclear Fusion Energy released would be captured to make steam, spin a turbine, and generate electricity. Fuels are readily available and radioactive wastes are minimal

  10. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) protons (H+) pass through membrane electrons (e-) move through conductor

  11. Global Energy Flow and Climate Incident sunlight energy (solar constant) Fate of incoming energy Reflection Scattering Absorption and reemission

  12. Pattern of energy flow and reemission Reemission energy is infrared (heat) Clouds (particulate matter) reflect light Ultraviolet light absorbed by stratospheric ozone gas O3

  13. Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases absorb and reemit heat Natural phenomenon not caused by humans

  14. Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide Water vapor Ozone Methane Nitrogen oxides CFCs HFC PFC SF6

  15. Changes in either atmospheric particulate (cloud cover) or greenhouse gases influences atmospheric temperature on a global scale Trace gases are most readily changed by human intervention

  16. Atmospheric Composition

  17. Intensification of the Greenhouse Effect would cause Greenhouse Warming Carbon Dioxide concentrations are increasing and have been since 1800

  18. Sources of Carbon Dioxide Fossil Fuel combustion Biomass combustion Deforestation Volcanoes

  19. Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions, USA 2001 Million metric tons carbon equivalents

  20. Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide Water vapor Ozone Methane (23 x CO2 GWP) Nitrogen oxides (296 x CO2 GWP) CFCs (4600-14000 x CO2 GWP) HFC (120-12000 x CO2 GWP) PFC (5700-12000 x CO2 GWP) SF6 (22000 x CO2 GWP)

  21. Global Temperature Change from Mean 1961-1990 1850 1900 1950 2000

  22. Is there a relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and global temperature?

  23. Sources of Human Energy Resources Fossil Fuels: coal, petroleum, natural gas Biomass: wood, grass, dung, ethanol Nuclear: fission (fusion) Wind Hydro Solar Geothermal H Fuel-Cell

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